“…), EM Green's function [20,21,22,23], full-wave simulation [24,25], and dyadic Green's function in free space [13]. Particularly, the communication channels have been investigated with various EM methods, such as the numerical parabolic equations for tunnels [26], stochastic Green's function for stochastic environments [27], ray-tracing methods [28] and some approximate models for the environment with finite scatterers [29,30,31,32]. These works provide some useful results for the DOF/EDOF of MIMO systems in free space and stochastic environments.…”