Influence of epiphytic micro‐organisms on leaf wettability: wetting of the upper leaf surface of <i>Juglans regia</i> and of model surfaces in relation to colonization by micro‐organisms

Knoll, Daniel; Schreiber, Lukas

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00269.x

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…In addition to recent findings, where it has been shown convincingly that epiphytic microorganisms successfully changed physicochemical properties such as leaf surface wetting (Knoll & Schreiber, 1998, 2000, results of this study provide evidence that epiphytic microorganisms can also interact with the barrier properties of the plant cuticle of Hedera and Prunus leading to increased rates of water diffusing across the cuticle. When isolated cuticles of both species where inoculated with the bacterial strains used in this study, an increase in cuticular water permeability was observable in all experiments conducted.…”

Section: Fig 2 Effects Of Bacterial Isolates On Cuticular Transpiratmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However, specific interactions between leaf surface inhabitants and the wax-covered, lipophilic cuticle have rarely been in the focus of the phyllosphere research. It has been shown in the past that leaf surface microorganisms can significantly increase leaf surface wetting (Schreiber, 1996;Knoll & Schreiber, 1998;Knoll & Schreiber, 2000). Continuing these studies, we now aimed to investigate effects of leaf surface microorganisms on plant cuticle barrier properties measuring water permeability before and after inoculation of cuticles with bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant–microbe interactions: identification of epiphytic bacteria and their ability to alter leaf surface permeability

et al. 2005

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Summary• Bacteria were either isolated from leaf surfaces of Hedera helix or obtained from a culture collection in order to analyse their effect on barrier properties of isolated Hedera and Prunus laurocerasus cuticles.• On the basis of the 16S rDNA sequences the genera of the six bacterial isolates from Hedera were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas sp. and Achromobacter . Water permeability of cuticles isolated from H. helix was measured before and after inoculation with the six bacterial strains. In addition water permeability of cuticles isolated from P. laurocerasus was measured before and after inoculation with the three bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Xanthomonas campestris and Corynebacterium fascians .• Rates of water diffusing across isolated cuticles of both species significantly increased by up to 50% after inoculation with all bacterial strains.• Obtained results show that epiphytic bacteria have the ability of increasing water permeability of Hedera and Prunus cuticles, which in turn should increase the availability of water and dissolved compounds in the phyllopshere. Consequently, living conditions in the habitat phyllosphere are improved. It can be concluded that the ability to change leaf surface properties will improve epiphytic fitness of leaf surface bacteria.

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Section: Fig 2 Effects Of Bacterial Isolates On Cuticular Transpiratmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant–microbe interactions: identification of epiphytic bacteria and their ability to alter leaf surface permeability

et al. 2005

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“…Consequently, hydrophobic adsorption is suspected to play a significant role generating the differences in microsphere and bacterial tracer responses at the field site, with microspheres being more hydrophobic than the bacteria . Indeed, some studies indicate that biofilms may be hydrophobic (Knoll and Schreiber 1998;Goméz-Suárez et al 2002), and that they may inhibit adsorption of some bacteria (Goméz-Suárez et al 2002;Schaumann et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of particulate surrogates for assessing microbial mobility in subsurface ecosystems

Sinreich

Flynn²,

Zopfi

2008

Hydrogeol J

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Mass fluxes from the ground surface can play a vital role in influencing groundwater ecosystems. Rates of delivery may influence intact ecosystem composition, while fluxes of substances associated with anthropogenic activity may critically alter the functioning of associated microbial assemblages. Field-based tracing experiments offer a valuable means of understanding mass transport rates and mechanisms, particularly in complex heterogeneous epikarst systems overlying vulnerable fissured aquifers. A short-term tracer experiment monitoring solute and particle tracer concentrations after they passed through a 10-m-thick sequence of limestone, capped by a thin soil, revealed rapid travel times and variable attenuation rates for the substances employed. Results demonstrated that particle tracers have shorter average travel times and can reach the subsurface in higher concentrations and over shorter times than non-reactive solutes. High recovery rates for the bacterial tracer Ralstonia eutropha H16 contrasted strongly with those of similarly sized fluorescent polystyrene microspheres, highlighting the importance of physico-chemical surface characteristics of particle tracers. Complementary laboratory batch experiments examined the role played by organic and inorganic soil/rock surfaces on particle tracer attenuation. Findings suggest that biofilms may significantly promote transport of particulate material below ground, i.e., the delivery of allochthonous microorganisms to karst groundwater.

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“…The first contact between immigrating bacteria and a leaf nor-mally occurs at the plant cuticle. This waxy layer, which has different three-dimensional crystalline structures on different plant species and can change as leaves age, presumably in part due to microbial modifications (60,61,77), limits passive diffusion of nutrients and water vapor from the plant interior onto the surface and defines the hydrophobicity of the leaf. Thick waxy cuticles have thus been thought to interfere with bacterial colonization of plants by limiting diffusion of nutrients and inhibiting the wetting of the leaf surface.…”

Section: The Leaf Surface As a Microbial Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiology of the Phyllosphere

Lindow

Brandl

2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

1,818

1,418

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2The above-ground parts of plants are normally colonized by a variety of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. While a few microbial species can be isolated from within plant tissues, many more are recovered from the surfaces of healthy plants. The aerial habitat colonized by these microbes is termed the phyllosphere, and the inhabitants are called epiphytes. While there has been some investigation of the colonists of buds and flowers (1, 48), most work on phyllosphere microbiology has focused on leaves, a more dominant aerial plant structure. Bacteria are by far the most numerous colonists of leaves, often being found in numbers averaging 10 6 to 10 7 cells/cm 2 (up to 10 8 cells/g) of leaf (1,7,41). Because of their numerical dominance on leaves, and because more information is available on the process of bacterial colonization of leaves, we focus on this group of microbes in this review.Compared to most other bacterial habitats, there has been relatively little examination of phyllosphere microbiology. This is somewhat surprising given the abundance of plants in the world and the roles of various phyllosphere bacteria in the important processes discussed below. Leaves constitute a very large microbial habitat. It is estimated that the terrestrial leaf surface area that might be colonized by microbes is about 6.4 ϫ 10 8 km 2 (83). Given the large number of bacteria on leaves in temperate regions of the world and that populations in tropical regions are probably even larger, the planetary phyllosphere bacterial population may be as large as 10 26 cells (83). Clearly, in aggregate, these bacteria are sufficiently numerous to contribute in many processes of importance to global processes, as well as to the behavior of the individual plants on which they live.In the following sections we review available information on the identities and properties of the bacterial colonists of plant surfaces as well as describe the nature of the leaf surface habitat that these bacteria colonize. We emphasize the results of studies using new molecular and microscopic tools that have provided new insights into both the identity and the behavior of epiphytes, as well as into the nature of the plant surfaces that they inhabit. Also, we review recent studies of the interactions of various epiphytic bacteria with plants, which suggest that there is much more interaction between them than in a strict commensalistic relationship, in which they have been traditionally considered to coexist. The interactions that occur between bacteria on leaves have also received considerable attention. We attempt to illustrate how new approaches to defining the nature of leaf surface habitats have helped us to understand the behavior and interactions of epiphytic bacteria as well as why leaves are a particularly suitable habitat for exploring processes in microbial ecology. More comprehensive reviews of phyllosphere microbiology also address other important features of this interesting association (1,7,8,41,47,55,73). MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES ON LEAVESThe microbial ...

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Influence of epiphytic micro‐organisms on leaf wettability: wetting of the upper leaf surface of Juglans regia and of model surfaces in relation to colonization by micro‐organisms

Cited by 36 publications

References 38 publications

Plant–microbe interactions: identification of epiphytic bacteria and their ability to alter leaf surface permeability

Plant–microbe interactions: identification of epiphytic bacteria and their ability to alter leaf surface permeability

Use of particulate surrogates for assessing microbial mobility in subsurface ecosystems

Microbiology of the Phyllosphere

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