Influence of Exercise on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs

Baak, Marleen A. van

doi:10.2165/00003088-199019010-00003

Cited by 65 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These biological mechanisms include, but are not limited to, exercise-modulated changes in hormonal (17) and metabolic profile (18), nitric oxide -mediated peripheral blood flow (19,20), angiogenesis (21,22), endogenous antioxidant expression (23), and pharmacokinetic profile of agents (24). However, the present findings provide preliminary evidence that an exercise training program reflective of national exercise guidelines for cancer prevention and cardiovascular health (25) in humans may not sufficiently perturb these pathways to interact with the anticancer effects of doxorubicin on breast carcinoma xenografts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exercise Training on Antitumor Efficacy of Doxorubicin in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Xenografts

Jones

Eves

Courneya

et al. 2005

Clinical Cancer Research

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Purpose: Exercise is becoming readily accepted as a beneficial adjunct therapy to maintain or enhance quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. An essential precursor to these studies is to investigate whether exercise modulates the antitumor efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Experimental Design: Athymic female mice were transplanted with MDA-MB-231 breast xenografts and randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 21 per group): (a) control, (b) exercise-only, (c) doxorubicin-only, or (d) exercise + doxorubicin. Exercise groups performed progressive treadmill running up to 18 m/min at 0% grade for 45 minutes, 5 d/wk for 8 weeks.Results: Tumor growth delay was significantly longer in the doxorubicin-only and exercise + doxorubicin groups compared with the control (median 42 versus 25 days, P = 0.0082; 36 versus 25 days, P = 0.029, respectively) and exercise-only groups (median 42 versus 25 days, P = 0.029; 36 versus 25 days, P = 0.080, respectively). There was no significant difference between the doxorubicin-only and exercise + doxorubicin groups (median 42 versus 36 days, P = 0.33), suggesting that moderate intensity exercise does not significantly influence doxorubicininduced tumor growth delay. Conclusion:These studies are essential to fully understand the safety and application of exercise as a supportive intervention in cancer control.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exercise Training on Antitumor Efficacy of Doxorubicin in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Xenografts

Jones

Eves

Courneya

et al. 2005

Clinical Cancer Research

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“…As a consequence, any drug that is stored in muscle, as is the case for depot medication, is consequently washed more quickly into the bloodstream, increasing its bioavailability and, therefore, its side effects [11,12]. First-generation antipsychotic long-acting injections such as fluphenazine enanthate are known to cause a high rate of extrapyramidal sideeffects such as muscle stiffness [13].…”

Section: Depots and Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For oral drugs, the effects of exercise are more complicated, affecting absorption and clearance in different ways [12,20,21]. Drug absorption is affected in two major ways.…”

Section: Oral Antipsychoticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and Antipsychotic Drugs

Vs¹

2017

J Pat Care

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Both the beneficial and adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs are known to fluctuate over time even after steady state blood levels of the drug are achieved. This suggests that such effects are influenced, at least temporarily, by a number of endogenous (e.g. mood, stress level, circadian cycle) and exogenous (e.g. diet, interpersonal encounter, environmental change) factors, which may, when taken together, help to explain the significant placebo rate in antipsychotic drug trials [1]. Exercise is one factor that has been shown to temporarily enhance treatment effects in schizophrenia [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Whether side effects are enhanced or dampened after exercise, however, has not been addressed in these studies. The following case example suggests that physical activity can sometimes increase the side effects of drugs. Case ExampleTed was a young patient diagnosed with schizophrenia and treated for many years with antipsychotic fluphenazine enanthate depot injections administered every three weeks. Periodically and always unexpectedly, he would knock loudly on my office door, demanding to be seen at once. The complaint was always the same -that his muscles were stiff, a parkinsonian side effect of fluphenazine. The timing of these knocks was mysterious. They did not correspond to the time since last injection. They did not appear to correspond to any particular life event or emotional upset. Months would pass without any knocks and then there could be three in the same week.Ted was the one who finally figured it out. The knocks occurred during the months that he played soccer. His injection was in the upper outer quadrant of the buttock, the dorsogluteal muscle, and whenever those muscles were strongly activated as in soccer, blood flow to and from the depot site increased so much that his blood stream was inundated, his brain received more drug, more dopamine receptors were blocked [the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs, and, subsequently, his muscles became stiff, an effect of dopamine blockade [9,10]. Clinical experience reinforces the observation that side effects to depot intramuscular antipsychotic injection increase after exercise. This motivated a literature review of exercise effects on side effects of antipsychotic drugs, however administered. Exercise and Antipsychotic DrugsMary V. Seeman* Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada Abstract Background: Exercise has been shown to reduce symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

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“…The influence of exercise on the systemic absorption of orally administered drugs has thus far been evaluated in only a few studies (42). However, it is well-known that exercise causes a reduction in splanchnic-hepatic blood flow (43.…”

Section: Influence Of Posture and Exercise On Drug Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers in the context of in vitro/in vivo correlations

Oosterhuis¹,

Jonkman²

1993

Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet.

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A multitude of in vivo variables can influence systemic drug absorption after intake of an oral formulation. For the measurement of consistent in vivo parameters within and between pharmacokinetic studies it is of primary importance that such variables be recognized. Consequently, as many variables as possible should be eliminated or controlled by proper study designs to prevent (or minimize) their disturbance of in vitro/in vivo correlations. The possible influences of some important variables are elaborated and discussed in this paper. The influences of food can be anticipated and controlled against the background of gastrointestinal physiology with and without food and its interplay with the dosage form. Food, and also posture and exercise, may influence splanchnic-hepatic blood flow which may substantially affect the absorption of drugs with a high first-pass metabolism. The influence of the discussed variables may be modified by the dosage form of a particular drug. Single dose studies are appropriate for studying immediate release formulations and in the development of controlled release formulations. Multiple dose studies are preferred for the formal validation of controlled release formulations.

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Influence of Exercise on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs

Cited by 65 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of Exercise Training on Antitumor Efficacy of Doxorubicin in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Xenografts

Effects of Exercise Training on Antitumor Efficacy of Doxorubicin in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Xenografts

Exercise and Antipsychotic Drugs

Pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers in the context of in vitro/in vivo correlations

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