Influence of exercise training on physiological and performance changes with weight loss in men

Kraemer, William J.; Volek, Jeff S.; Clark, Kristine; Gordon, Scott E.; Puhl, S. M.; Koziris, L. Perry; McBride, Jeffrey M.; Triplett-McBride, N. Travis; Putukian, Margot; Newton, Robert U.; Häkkinen, Keijo; Bush, Jill A.; Sebastianelli, Wayne J.

doi:10.1097/00005768-199909000-00014

Cited by 169 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is indeed possible that our male obese subjects were more sedentary than their female counterparts, since baseline maximal oxygen consumption normalized to the fat-free mass was higher in the latter group with respect to the former (47.8 vs 41.8 ml/min/kg). The fat-free mass reductions reported here and in our previous study (Sartorio et al, 2004a) for male subjects (B3 kg) are very similar to the losses observed in obeseoverweight men following 12-16 weeks of diet (Kraemer et al, 1999;Cox et al, 2003) or diet plus aerobic exercise (Hagan et al, 1986). In obese children, fat-free mass reduction during a 3-week BWR program similar to that adopted here has been recognized as a major factor for later regain in body weight (Schwingshandl & Borkenstein, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Changes in body composition, physical performance and cardiovascular risk factors after a 3-week integrated body weight reduction program and after 1-y follow-up in severely obese men and women

et al. 2005

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Objective: To investigate the short-and medium-term (ie, at 1-y follow-up) effects of a hospital-based body weight reduction (BWR) program lasting 3 weeks in severely obese individuals. Design: Longitudinal, clinical intervention study entailing energy-restricted diet, tailored aerobic-strength exercise, psychological counselling and nutritional education during a 3-week period followed by 49 weeks of indirect supervision at home. Subjects: In all, 45 women and 19 men aged 30.277.2 y (mean7s.d.) with severe obesity (BMI: 41.374.3 kg/m 2 ), classified as weight losers (finaloinitial weight) and regainers (finalZinitial weight). Interventions: Body composition, physical performance and cardiovascular risk factors before and after the BWR program and at follow-up. Results: The large majority of the experimental subjects obtained a clinical success after the 1-y period, and the rate was higher in females (n ¼ 37/45, ie, 82.2%) than in males (n ¼ 11/19, ie, 57.9%). At follow-up, weight losers had higher percent fat-free mass, muscle strength, HDL-cholesterol and self-reported physical activity level and lower total cholesterol and glucose levels than weight regainers (Po0.05-0.01). Males displayed significantly larger fat-free mass losses than females at post-BWR and at follow-up. Conclusions: A 3-week hospital-based integrated BWR program resulted in a high rate of clinical success in severely obese individuals at 1-y follow-up (particularly in females), that was associated with increased levels of self-reported physical activity and improved muscle strength and lipid profile. Further research is needed to establish the long-term effects (ie, at 2-5 y) associated to this treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Changes in body composition, physical performance and cardiovascular risk factors after a 3-week integrated body weight reduction program and after 1-y follow-up in severely obese men and women

et al. 2005

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“…In adults, weight training has been shown to be superior to aerobic exercise for the maintenance of fat-free mass during dietary restriction, [90][91][92] while aerobic and weight-training exercise in combination was found to be superior to either modality alone for decreasing whole body fat during dietary restriction. 90,93 Theoretically, a similar rationale for preserving fat-free mass would apply when selecting an optimal treatment for overweight in youth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…90,93 Theoretically, a similar rationale for preserving fat-free mass would apply when selecting an optimal treatment for overweight in youth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in children and adolescents: a systematic review

2006

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Background: Overweight prevalence among children/adolescents is increasing, while adult obesity may potentially cause a decline in life expectancy. More exercise is uniformly recommended, although treatment efficacy remains unclear. Objective: To determine the efficacy of exercise alone for treating overweight in children/adolescents. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials published in English were completed following multiple database searches performed on December 10, 2004. Studies of isolated or adjunctive exercise/physical activity treatment in overweight/obese children or adolescents which reported any overweight outcome were included. Literature searches identified 645 papers which were manually searched, of which 45 were considered for inclusion, of which 13 papers which reported 14 studies were included (N ¼ 481 overweight boys and girls, aged B12 years). Two reviewers independently identified relevant papers for potential inclusion and assessed methodological quality. Principal measures of effects included the mean difference (MD) (between treatment and control groups), the weighted MD (WMD), and the standardized MD (SMD). Results: Few studies were of robust design. The pooled SMD was À0.4 (À0.7, À0.1, P ¼ 0.006) for percent body fat, and À0.2 (À0.6, 0.1, P ¼ 0.07) for central obesity outcomes, whereas the pooled WMD was À2.7 kg (À6.1 kg, 0.8 kg, P ¼ 0.07) for body weight, all of which favored exercise. Pooled effects on body weight were significant and larger for studies of higher doses, whereas nonsignificant and smaller effects were seen for studies of lower doses of exercise (155-180 min/weeks vs 120-150 min/ weeks). Conclusions: Based on the small number of short-term randomized trials currently available, an aerobic exercise prescription of 155-180 min/weeks at moderate-to-high intensity is effective for reducing body fat in overweight children/adolescents, but effects on body weight and central obesity are inconclusive. Recommendations for future study designs are discussed.

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“…2 Although caloric restriction has been the major weight loss strategy, it has been shown that exercise programs designed for fat loss result in an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness 3 and a preservation of fat-free mass. [4][5][6] Most exercise programs designed for weight loss have focused on steady-state exercise (SEE) of around 30 min at a moderate intensity on most days of the week. Disappointingly, these kinds of exercise programs have led to little or no fat loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women

et al. 2008

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Objective: To determine the effects of a 15-week high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) program on subcutaneous and trunk fat and insulin resistance of young women. Design and procedures: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: HIIE (n ¼ 15), steady-state exercise (SSE; n ¼ 15) or control (CONT; n ¼ 15). HIIE and SSE groups underwent a 15-week exercise intervention. Subjects: Forty-five women with a mean BMI of 23.2 ± 2.0 kg m À2 and age of 20.2 ± 2.0 years. Results: Both exercise groups demonstrated a significant improvement (Po0.05) in cardiovascular fitness. However, only the HIIE group had a significant reduction in total body mass (TBM), fat mass (FM), trunk fat and fasting plasma insulin levels. There was significant fat loss (Po0.05) in legs compared to arms in the HIIE group only. Lean compared to overweight women lost less fat after HIIE. Decreases in leptin concentrations were negatively correlated with increases in VO 2peak (r ¼ À0.57, Po0.05) and positively correlated with decreases in TBM (r ¼ 0.47; Po0.0001). There was no significant change in adiponectin levels after training. Conclusions: HIIE three times per week for 15 weeks compared to the same frequency of SSE exercise was associated with significant reductions in total body fat, subcutaneous leg and trunk fat, and insulin resistance in young women.

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Influence of exercise training on physiological and performance changes with weight loss in men

Cited by 169 publications

References 26 publications

Changes in body composition, physical performance and cardiovascular risk factors after a 3-week integrated body weight reduction program and after 1-y follow-up in severely obese men and women

Changes in body composition, physical performance and cardiovascular risk factors after a 3-week integrated body weight reduction program and after 1-y follow-up in severely obese men and women

Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in children and adolescents: a systematic review

The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women

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