“…22 RDE test cycle in this paper was mainly obtained from a specific cycle performed on road, 23 but it had to be slightly modified to fulfill with the newest regulation. After that, conditions of the cycle have been reproduced in a test bench to eliminate the variations that many parameters as the weather, ambient pressure, 24,25 traffic, driver behavior that produces different dynamic solicitations, 26 road grade, 27 aftertreatment status or vehicle mileage can produce [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] as well as other issues that can appear which can spoil the test like DPF regeneration, traffic jams, etc. For example, different on road cycles that follow the same route, can have a high NOx emission dispersion, 35 and it is likely to find emissions differences of up to 24%.…”