Influence of experimental infection by Haemonchus contortus on acetylcholinesterase activity in lymphocytes of lambs

Involvement of cholinergic and adenosinergic systems on the branchial immune response of experimentally infected silver catfish with Streptococcus agalactiae

“…In the present study, a significant decrease in AChE activity in gill tissue may be interpreted as an anti‐inflammatory effect as an attempt to increase the ACh levels, a cholinergic molecule with anti‐inflammatory properties, and consequently prevents or reduces intense tissue damage due to inflammation. This is in accordance with the effect observed with other infectious diseases, such as Haemonchus contortus (Tonin et al., ), S. gallinarum (Da Silva et al., ) and Trypanosoma evansi (Baldissera, Souza, Grando, da Silva, & Monteiro, ). Recent studies have also demonstrated that AChE activity exerts an anti‐inflammatory profile in splenic, renal (Baldissera, Souza, Doleski et al., ) and hepatic (Baldissera et al., ) tissues during A. hydrophila infection in silver catfish, which contributes to restricting inflammatory damage, in agreement with our study.…”

“…In the present study, a significant decrease in AChE activity in gill tissue may be interpreted as an anti-inflammatory effect as an attempt to increase the ACh levels, a cholinergic molecule with anti-inflammatory properties, and consequently prevents or reduces intense tissue damage due to inflammation. This is in accordance with the effect observed with other infectious diseases, such as Haemonchus contortus (Tonin et al, 2014), S. gallinarum (Da and Trypanosoma evansi (Baldissera, Souza, Grando, da Silva, & Monteiro, 2016) and hepatic (Baldissera et al, 2017) Based on this evidence, we concluded that infection by S. agalactiae in silver catfish alters the cholinergic and adenosinergic systems, suggesting the involvement of AChE and ADA activities on immune and inflammatory response, regulating the ACh and Ado levels in branchial tissue. In summary, the downregulation of AChE activity exerts an anti-inflammatory profile in an attempt to reduce or prevent tissue damage due to inflammation, while the upregulation of ADA activity exerts a pro-inflammatory profile, contributing to disease pathophysiology.…”

“…Several studies have reported that the cholinergic system has a crucial role in the modulation of the inflammatory and immune responses during infectious diseases through downregulation of AChE activity (Do Carmo et al., ; Tonin et al., ). In the present study, a significant decrease in AChE activity in gill tissue may be interpreted as an anti‐inflammatory effect as an attempt to increase the ACh levels, a cholinergic molecule with anti‐inflammatory properties, and consequently prevents or reduces intense tissue damage due to inflammation.…”

Effect of the infection with the nematode <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> (Strongylida: Trichostrongylidae) on the haematological, biochemical, clinical and reproductive traits in rams

“…Recently, Tonin et al . ( 2014 ) reported that crossbred Corriedale lambs infected with 15 000 third-stage larvae of H. contortus given as three divided doses were losing their physiological condition progressively; getting weak, lethargic, pale and experiencing depressed feed intake. Further, subclinical parasitism in dairy goats resulted in a reduction in body condition score when infected with 5000 third-stage larvae (Hoste & Chartier 1993 ).…”

Prevalence, effects and alternative control methods of Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants: A review

“…Feed intake of parasitized animals usually returns toward normality as animals acquire resistance to infection (Sahoo et al, 2011). More recently, on artificial infection with 15 000 third-stage larvae of H. contortus given as three divided doses, Tonin et al (2014) concluded on progressive degradation of physiological condition; weakness, lethargic and pale state; and depressed feed intake of crossbred Corriedale lambs.…”