Influence of extracted nanosilica on geotechnical properties of soft-clay soil subjected to freeze-thaw cycles

Effect of calcined clay on the improvement of compaction, swell and microstructural characteristics of expansive soil

“…Some of the widely used additives such as lime [ 2 , 5 , 6 ] and its various forms, cement [ 3 , 13 ], cement kiln dust [ 3 ] were effective in the controlling of swell shrink behaviour but lengthy period utilization of these kind of materials results to the depletion of natural resources. After that numerous works were concentrated on the utilization of wastes materials either from industry like Metakaolin [ 4 ], Fly-ash [ 5 , 6 , 9 , 21 ], GGBS [ 7 , 10 ], Dolomite [ 8 ], Phospho-gypsum [ 9 ], Nano silica [ 22 ] etc. Or from agricultural field like Groundnut shell ash [ 10 ], Bagasse ash [ 11 , 12 ] etc.…”