Influence of extruded linseed on growth, carcass composition, and meat quality of slaughtered pigs at one hundred ten and one hundred sixty kilograms of liveweight1

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The Western diet is characterized by a high intake of SFA relative to PUFA, and the consumption of n-3 PUFA is decreased relative to n-6 PUFA. Therefore, there has been much interest in recent years in ways to manipulate the fatty acid composition of meat. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of dietary extruded linseed, an n-3 PUFA source, on growth performance, carcass composition, meat quality, and oxidative stability of pigs slaughtered at 111.0 (±4.8) kg of BW and 160.0 (±9.2) kg of BW. The association of these factors with BW at slaughter was also examined. Forty barrows, 78.1 (±1.75) kg of initial BW, were fed a control diet (2.5% sunflower oil) or a linseed diet containing 5% of whole extruded linseed. Both diets contained 170 mg of vitamin E and 250 μg of selenium. Eight pigs from each dietary treatment were slaughtered at 110 kg of BW and the others at 160 kg of BW. There was no dietary effect (P > 0.05) on growth, carcass characteristics, meat quality, or the activity of malic enzyme in LM and backfat. Inclusion of linseed increased (P < 0.05) n-3 PUFA content in both LM and backfat and decreased the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio from 12 to 4.5 in LM, and from 11 to 3 in backfat. Liveweight at slaughter significantly influenced carcass characteristics, meat quality, total lipid and oxidative stability of LM, malic enzyme activity in adipose tissue, and fatty acid content of LM and backfat. This study shows that the inclusion of linseed in swine diets may improve the fatty acid profile of pork without deleteriously affecting oxidation or color stability. Thus, such a feeding practice may improve human health based on the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio recommended for the human diet.

Effect of introducing hemp oil into feed on the nutritional quality of pig meat

“…The growth performances were not modified by the introduction of n-3 fatty acids into the animal feed, which confirmed similar studies carried out with the addition of other fats than hemp such as linseed (Corino et al, 2008;Kouba et al, 2003;Matthews et al, 2000).…”

“…This can be explained by the fact that these animals also had a high deposition of LA provided by the hemp oil. The value of this ratio is higher than that of other studies using linseed (7 vs. 4 to 5) (Corino et al, 2008;Guillevic et al, 2009) and also higher than the ANSES guidelines which recommend a ratio of 5 (ANC). But these animals receiving rapeseed or hemp oils had a ratio decreased by 2 in comparison with animals receiving standard feed; so this leads to better food balance for human consumption.…”

“…These results confirmed other studies showing a relationship to the quantity of n-3 ingested (Corino et al, 2014;Warnants et al, 1999). However, with an equivalent quantity of fat content in the diets, the deposits of n-3 fatty acids obtained with hemp oil were lower than those obtained with the introduction of extruded linseed into the diet (Corino et al, 2008), the increase varying from 4 to 7 according to the tissues or products analysed.…”

“…The transformation of the n-6 fatty acids seems favoured compared to the n-3, which may explain the low transformation observed. Studies adding a larger quantity of n-3 to the diet than this one using linseed (55 g ALA per kg feed vs. 34 g at present) have shown a significant increase in DHA (Corino et al, 2008). But the total quantity, even if it was sometimes doubled, still remained very limited, the content passing from 5 to 6 mg of DHA per 100 g of meat to between 10 and 15 mg.…”

Productive performance, carcass and meat quality of intact and castrated gilts slaughtered at 106 or 122 kg BW

“…The higher C18:2 content of the BF of lighter pigs found in this research agrees with data Peinado, Serrano, Medel, Fuentetaja and Mateos of Serrano et al (2009b) who reported a negative correlation between BF thickness and the unsaturation of BF. In this respect, Corino et al (2008) have shown that the proportion of C18:2 in BF was lower in pigs slaughtered at 160 kg BW than in pigs slaughtered at 110 kg BW.…”