Influence of FeCl₃‐modified chloroaluminate ionic liquids on long‐chain alkenes alkylation

Abstract

The influence of anhydrous ferric chloride on the catalytic properties of chloroaluminate ionic liquids catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) (acetonitrile molecule as probe), specific gravity, and 27 Al NMR. Besides, the effect of the mass ratio of FeCl 3 to AlCl 3 , catalysts dosage, toluene/olefin molar ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time on long-chain alkenes alkylation were investigated thoroughly. And bromine value and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were employed as the evaluation method for alkylation products. It was observed that the addition of anhydrous ferric chloride results in improvement in terms of Lewis acid and its catalytic recyclability. Among these catalysts studied, the catalyst modified with 1.0 wt.% anhydrous FeCl 3 showed the best catalytic performance in terms of yield and stability, which can be attributed to the formation of new stronger acidic ions [Al 2 FeCl l0 ] − when the added ferric chloride reacts with acidic ions [Al 2 Cl 7 ] − .

Friedel–Crafts acylation of benzene derivatives in tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids (TAAILs)

“…Successive research for the Friedel–Crafts acylation lead to the development of various reaction protocols using different metal salts [ 25 – 30 ] and ionic liquids [ 31 – 35 ] to acylate [ 36 – 41 ], alkylate [ 42 – 44 ], benzylate [ 45 – 47 ] and alkenylate [ 48 – 49 ] different benzene derivatives. But surprisingly, a robust protocol using commercially available and cost-efficient metal salts in a water and air stable ionic liquid is still hard to find [ 50 – 51 ].…”

Application of functional metal anionic Lewis acid ionic liquids in the alkylation of chlorobenzene/SOCl2

“…As more efficient and environment-friendly catalysts, various ionic liquids (ILs) have been developed for their unique properties such as tunable Lewis and Brønsted acidity, negligible vapour pressure, good thermal stability and easy recycling to replace the traditional strong acid. 18–23 Chloroaluminate ILs have been most frequently investigated to obtain excellent Lewis acidity and to catalyze alkylation reactions. 24–26…”

“…18–23 Chloroaluminate ILs have been most frequently investigated to obtain excellent Lewis acidity and to catalyze alkylation reactions. 24–26…”

Effects of deep eutectic solvents on H2SO4‐catalyzed alkylation: Combining experiment and molecular dynamics simulation

“…The solid acids as the environmentally friendly alternative show a good selectivity and catalytic activity 8–11 . However, the disadvantages of easy deactivation by coking and difficult regeneration restrict its industrial applications 1,11–13 . Ionic liquids (ILs) are also the promising alternative to catalyze C4 alkylation, but the disposal of spent salt is too difficult.…”