Influence of Feeding Gases on the Composition of Plasma Activated Water

Abstract

As we are all aware that “PLASMA” is the fourth state of matter and about 99% of the universe comprises of plasma. Plasma invariably consists of essential reactive oxygen and nitrogen species which are necessary for agricultural purposes thus making it an interesting subject for research. When water is exposed to plasma arc, its composition changes and forms Plasma Activated Water (PAW). Research studies have proved PAW to be an effective disinfectant and also providing imperative nutrients to plants. This paper reviews the impact of feeding gases such as Air, Ammonia, Argon, Nitrogen, Helium, Oxygen and Carbon dioxide on PAW composition. Hydrogen peroxide, nitrates, nitrites and pH value are the four key aspects of PAW which decide its influence. H2O2 helps in bacterial inactivation whereas nitrates and nitrites are a source of nutrients. It is known that nitrites decompose rapidly in water and form compounds that promote bacterial inhibition. Here the impact of using Air, Ammonia, Argon, Nitrogen, Helium, Oxygen, and Carbon dioxide is being reviewed and studied. More specifically, the concentration of major Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) formed in the process and the physical properties of PAW at various atmospheres are is discussed in detail.

Plasma‐activated liquids for mitigating biofilms on food and food contact surfaces

“…(2019) reported that H 2 O 2 was abundantly detected in the PALs, and its concentration increased with the presence of oxygen in the working gas. Additionally, the composition of the reactive species also varies greatly depending on the type of plasma source used (Baik et al., 2013; Thati et al., 2021). According to Smet et al.…”

Effect of plasma activated water treated by LF-microwave hybrid plasma on enhancement of seed germination and plant growth

“…Previous research on the application of plasma in agriculture has shown the presence of O radicals plays a pivotal role in promoting plant germination and growth. [38][39][40][41][42] Furthermore, the CI was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of oxidation initiated by oxygen-based reactive species produced by both the LF-PJ and LFMHP. CI unveiled a color change from purple to green after exposure to the plasma indicating the etching effect of oxygen radicals which are known to contribute to the enhancement of plant growth and germination.…”

“…This method enables the direct application of treatment to plants while overcoming the constraints imposed by tools and equipment. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] To obtain information on the essential species that contribute to improving seed germination and plant growth, PAW was generated by applying both LF-PJ and LFMHP techniques, utilizing a discharge gas mixture of Ar-O 2 . The oxidation efficiency of reactive oxygen species was assessed in LF-PJ and LFMHP utilizing chemical indicators (CIs), allowing for the investigation of the reactive species generated in this study.…”

Plasma activated water: a study of gas type, electrode material, and power supply selection and the impact on the final frontier

“…27 While other reactions are possible with helium, argon, and carbon dioxide, the RONS reactions drive the key chemistry for plasma activated water. 17,28 The specific composition of RONS is a key aspect for the potential applications of any PAW production, as the pH and conductivity are each affected by the different species. The pH is often lowered by the RNS.…”