Influence of Feeding Inorganic Vanadium on Growth Performance, Endocrine Variables and Biomarkers of Bone Health in Crossbred Calves

Abstract

The nutritional essentialities of transition element vanadium (V) as micro-nutrient in farm animals have not yet been established, though in rat model, vanadium as vanadate has been reported to exert insulin-mimetic effect and shown to be needed for proper development of bones. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of V supplementation on growth performance, plasma hormones and bone health status in calves. Twenty-four crossbred calves (body weight 72.83 ± 2.5 kg; age 3-9 months) were blocked in four groups and randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 6) on body weight and age basis. Experimental animals were kept on similar feeding regimen except that different groups were supplemented with either 0, 3, 6 or 9 ppm inorganic V/kg DM. Effect of supplementation during 150-day experimental period was observed on feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency, body measures, endocrine variables, plasma glucose and biomarkers of bone health status. Supplementation of V did not change average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency and body measures during the experimental period. During the post-V supplementation period plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), triiodothyronine (T) and thyroxin (T) concentrations were increased and observed highest in 9 mg V/kg DM fed calves; however, levels of insulin, glucose, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin hormones remained similar among calves fed on basal or V-supplemented diets. Bone alkaline phosphatase (Bone-ALP) concentration was increased (P < 0.05); however, plasma protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) level decreased (P < 0.05) in 6 and 9 mg V/kg DM supplemented groups. Plasma hydroxyproline (Hyp) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) concentration were unchanged by V supplementation. Blood V concentration showed positive correlation with supplemental V levels. These results suggest that V may play a role in modulation of the action of certain endocrine variables and biomarkers of bone health status in growing crossbred calves.

Influence of Dietary Vanadium Supplementation on Nutrient Utilisation, Growth Performance and Blood Biochemical Parameters in Sahiwal Calves

“…In the present study ADG and feed efficiency were not significantly influenced by inorganic vanadium supplementation. Similar to our findings (Pal et al 2017) reported that supplementation of crossbred calves with inorganic source of vanadium (upto 9 ppm) did not change the dry matter intake, growth performance and feed efficiency. Similarly, Heidari et al (2016) reported that dietary supplementation of 0.04, 0.08 and 0.12 mg of V as vanadyl sulfate per kg metabolic body weight did not affect body weight, body condition score, dry matter intake and energy balance in multiparous periparturient Holstein cows.…”

“…Homogeneous to our findings Heidari et al (2016) reported that supplementation of vanadium at different levels during a transition period, incremented in plasma glucose level and decremented the insulin: glucose ratio quadratically. However, the findings on blood glucose levels in ruminants have been inconsistent upon vanadium among studies; plasma glucose remained unaffected (Pal et al, 2017); increased (Heidari et al 2016), or decreased (Pederson et al, 1989;Zarqami et al, 2018). This might be because of vanadium influences the expression of GLUT4 protein or sensitivity of insulin may vary among species or difference in dosage.…”

“…An intriguing result of current study was that plasma Alkaline Phosphatase enzyme significantly increased. Recently Pal et al (2017) reported that Vanadium (6 and 9 mg V/kg DM) supplementation increased plasma Bone-ALP concentration in cross bred calves and suggested vanadium has a role to support bone ostiocalstic activity and may ameliorate bone health. Whereas, Cortizo et al (1994) reported vanadium compounds directly inhibit alkaline and acid phosphatase.…”

Effects of vanadium supplementation on performance, some plasma metabolites and glucose metabolism in Mahabadi goat kids

“…Limited information is available on the role of dietary V on performance especially in farm animals. In a recent study, dietary supplementation of 0, 3, 6 or 9 mg inorganic V/kg DM did not alter growth performance and feed efficiency in Crossbred Calves (Pal, Mani, Tripathi, Kumar, & Kewalramani, ).…”

Perspectives for rare earth elements as feed additive in livestock — A review

“…The Ce group consists of the elements La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, and Eu, whereas Y group comprises the elements Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Y [11]. The importance of various inorganic elements (commonly known as minerals) in human, animal and plant nutrition are very familiar and are required for various metabolic functions [12][13][14]. Now, among inorganic elements, REE emerges as new generation growth promoter feed additive alternative to feed antibiotics for livestock.…”