Influence of feeding patterns on the artificial infection of laying hens with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4

Humphrey, T. J.; Baskerville, A.; Whitehead, A. L.; Rowe, B.; Henley, A.

doi:10.1136/vr.132.16.407

Cited by 66 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Intestinal tissues from fasted birds had significantly greater attachment of Salmonella than did tissues from control birds (Figure 1). These results are in agreement with others who have observed increases in enteric pathogen colonization and shedding in birds subjected to feed withdrawal (Bierer and Eleazer, 1965;Humphrey et al, 1993;Ramirez et al, 1997). Less is known about the effect of heat stress on pathogen colonization of the intestinal mucosa.…”

Section: Adhesion Of Salmonella Enteritidis To Intestinal Tissue Follsupporting

confidence: 95%

“…Broilers are subjected to fasting to reduce the volume of intestinal contents before slaughter, and thus minimize the risk of carcass contamination by rupture of the intestinal tract during processing (May and Deaton, 1989). However, feed withdrawal has been associated with increased Salmonella colonization of the crop (Humphrey et al, 1993;Ramirez et al, 1997) and intestine (Bierer and Eleazer, 1965;Ramirez et al, 1997). Exposure to extreme temperature is an additional stressor encountered in seasonal environments, particularly during the summer months, and is also associated with increased intestinal colonization and fecal shedding of pathogens in poultry (Bailey, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Stressors on Normal Intestinal Microbiota, Intestinal Morphology, and Susceptibility to Salmonella Enteritidis Colonization in Broilers

et al. 2008

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In modern poultry production systems, environmental stressors may influence bird performance and susceptibility to pathogens such as Salmonella Enteritidis. Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of 24-h feed withdrawal and 24-h exposure to high temperature (30 degrees C) on intestinal characteristics of broilers. Attachment of Salmonella Enteritidis to ileal tissue was determined using an in vitro ileal loop assay. Changes in commensal intestinal microbial populations were determined using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and alterations in ileal morphology were determined histologically. Ex vivo attachment of Salmonella Enteritidis to ileal tissues increased by 1.5 logs (9.05 log10 vs. 7.59 log (10) Salmonella Enteritidis/g of ileal tissue; P = 0.0006) in broilers fasted for 24 h. Similarly, ileal tissues from birds subjected to 30 degrees C for 24 h had increased ex vivo attachment of Salmonella Enteritidis (8.77 log(10) vs. 8.50 log(10) Salmonella Enteritidis/g of ileum; P = 0.01) compared with birds held at 23 degrees C. Exposure to 30 degrees C for 24 h also altered microbial community structure in the ileum and cecum. Subjecting birds to 30 degrees C for 24 h reduced crypt depth (6.0 vs. 7.8 microm, respectively; P = 0.002), but had no effect on villus height or villus:crypt ratio. This research shows that acute stressors in poultry production systems can cause changes in the normal intestinal microbiota and epithelial structure, which may lead to increased attachment of Salmonella Enteritidis.

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Section: Adhesion Of Salmonella Enteritidis To Intestinal Tissue Follsupporting

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Stressors on Normal Intestinal Microbiota, Intestinal Morphology, and Susceptibility to Salmonella Enteritidis Colonization in Broilers

et al. 2008

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“…in the crop (Humphrey et al, 1993) and may provide an environment that increases the expression of genes necessary for intestinal invasion (Durant et al, 1999). In comparison to feed withdrawal, providing low calcium, low calcium and zinc, or low energy by-product diets have been shown to reduce S. Enteritidis infection, and maintain lactobacilli in the crop and a lower crop pH Seo et al, 2001).…”

Section: Bacterial Populations and Role In Digestive Tract Health Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the crop in poultry production

Classen

Apajalahti

Svihus

et al. 2016

World's Poultry Science Journal

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The importance of the crop is often underestimated in poultry production. In addition to storing ingested feed, it also can impact nutrient digestion by digesta softening and the initial activity of feed (endogenous and exogenous) and microbial enzymes. The crop represents the first major defence against poultry pathogens and zoonotic organisms with well established adaptive and innate immune function, and a lactobacilli dominated microbiota capable of reducing the passage of these organisms further along the digestive tract. However, the potential to improve bird productivity and health, as well as affect meat and egg safety, are influenced by the nature of the diet, and in particular feed entry and extended presence in the crop. This is required to promote lactobacilli fermentation, the production of lactic acid and other volatile fatty acids, and the lowering of crop pH. Management practices such as meal feeding and the use of lighting programs with extended dark periods encourage crop utilisation. Further, the use of feed additives such as prebiotics and probiotics may enhance crop function, which in turn contributes to well-being of the entire digestive tract. A healthy and functional crop, along with other segments of digestive tract, has increased importance in an era of reduced antibiotic use in poultry feeds.

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“…This has been demonstrated in several animal species. Removing feed has been shown to increase levels of Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice, chickens, and ruminants (Miller and Bohnhoff, 1962;Brownlie and Grau, 1967;Grau et al, 1968;Tannock and Smith, 1972;Tannock and Savage, 1974;Humphrey et al, 1993;Holt et al, 1994;Durant et al, 1999). Of the feed withdrawal animal models examined, poultry are probably the most extensively studied and best understood (Ricke, 2003a).…”

Section: Incidence In Food Animal Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%