Influence of Female Sex Hormones on Ultra-Running Performance and Post-Race Recovery: Role of Testosterone

Collado-Boira, Eladio; Baliño, Pablo; Boldo-Roda, Ana; Martínez-Navarro, Ignacio; Hernando, Bárbara; Recacha-Ponce, Paula; Domingo, Carlos Hernando; Muriach, Marí­a

doi:10.3390/ijerph181910403

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The findings of this study should be considered with caution, as some limitations are present. The importance of including sex as a biological variable is widely recognised and it is plausible that the effect of exercise on BAT‐related exerkines differs in men and women (Collado‐Boira et al, 2021; Lee, 2018). However, our study was not designed for studying the effect of sex, and lack the statistical power to adequately tested sex differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise‐induced changes on exerkines that might influence brown adipose tissue metabolism in young sedentary adults

Méndez-Gutiérrez

Aguilera

Osuna-Prieto

et al. 2022

European Journal of Sport Science

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In rodents, exercise alters the plasma concentration of exerkines that regulate white adipose tissue (WAT) browning or brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism. This study aims to analyse the acute and chronic effect of exercise on the circulating concentrations of 16 of these exerkines in humans. Ten young sedentary adults (6 female) performed a maximum walking effort test and a resistance exercise session. The plasma concentration of 16 exerkines was assessed before, and 3, 30, 60, and 120 min after exercise. Those exerkines modified by exercise were additionally measured in another 28 subjects (22 women). We also measured the plasma concentrations of the exerkines before and after a 24-week exercise programme (endurance + resistance; 3-groups: control, moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity) in 110 subjects (75 women). Endurance exercise acutely increased the plasma concentration of lactate, norepinephrine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin 6, and follistatin-like protein 1 (3 min after exercise), and musclin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (30 and 60 min after exercise), decreasing the plasma concentration of leptin (30 min after exercise). Adiponectin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), βaminoisobutyric acid, meteorin-like, follistatin, pro-ANP, irisin and myostatin were not modified or not detectable. The resistance exercise session increased the plasma concentration of lactate 3 min after exercise. Chronic exercise did not alter the plasma concentration of these exerkines. In sedentary young adults, acute endurance exercise releases to the bloodstream exerkines that regulate BAT metabolism and WAT browning. In contrast, neither a low-volume resistance exercise session nor a 24-week training programme modified plasma levels of these molecules. Highlights. Acute endurance exercise increases the plasma concentration of lactate, norepinephrine, brainderived neurotrophic factor, interleukin 6, follistatin-like protein 1, musclin, and fibroblast growth factor 21, and decrease the plasma concentration of leptin. . The exercise-induced change in lactate plasma concentration is positively associated with brown adipose tissue volume, glucose uptake and radiodensity. . Neither acute resistance exercise nor chronic exercise significantly alter the plasma concentration of these exerkines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise‐induced changes on exerkines that might influence brown adipose tissue metabolism in young sedentary adults

Méndez-Gutiérrez

Aguilera

Osuna-Prieto

et al. 2022

European Journal of Sport Science

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“… 19 Due to degenerative changes in skeletal muscle structure and function owing to the ageing process, muscle mass and strength decline yearly, 20 resulting in decreased grip strength. This study shows that male grip strength is higher than female grip strength because the male body has a higher concentration of testosterone, which can promote protein synthesis 21 so that muscle mass, strength and function are better in males than females. In this study, the grip strength of patients with colorectal cancer was lower than that of patients with gastric cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Analysis of Grip Strength and Its Explanatory Factors in Older Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumours

Yu,

Qiu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

IJGM

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Aim To investigate the grip strength of older patients with gastrointestinal tumours and analyse its explanatory factors. Methods A total of 170 older patients with gastrointestinal tumours admitted to the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of a Grade-III hospital in the Zhejiang province from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the investigation participants. Among them, there were 102 cases of gastric cancer (60.0%) and 68 cases of colon cancer (40.0%). There were 110 male patients (64.7%) and 60 female patients (35.3%), with patient ages ranging between 64 and 82 years old. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a general data questionnaire, grip apparatus and the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the explanatory factors on the grip strength of older patients with gastrointestinal tumours. Results The grip strength of older patients with gastrointestinal tumours was 25.3±5.3 kg. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, age, disease, body mass index (BMI), albumin concentration and the NRS-2002 score were the main explanatory factors on grip strength ( P <0.05). Conclusion Grip strength was lower in older patients with gastrointestinal tumours and was lower in females, those aged ≥70 years, patients with colorectal cancer, individuals with a BMI of <18.5, those with an albumin concentration of <35g/l and those with an NRS2002 score of ≥3. Clinical staff should dynamically evaluate the level of grip strength in patients with gastrointestinal tumors and develop individualized interventions based on the related explanatory factors.

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“…Estrogens cause anabolic effects, increasing glycogen uptake and storage [ 57 , 58 ]. In addition to estrogen, testosterone has a powerful effect on muscle tissue [ 59 , 60 ] and has been attributed a protective role against severe fatigue [ 61 ], and this variable is significantly higher in phase II compared to other phases. Testosterone levels followed normative serum androgen values in elite female athletes determined by Stéphane Bermon et al [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is It Necessary to Adapt Training According to the Menstrual Cycle? Influence of Contraception and Physical Fitness Variables

Recacha-Ponce,

Collado-Boira,

Suarez-Alcazar

et al. 2023

Life

Self Cite

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(1) Background: The influence of the menstrual cycle on physical fitness in athletes is controversial in the scientific literature. There is a marked fluctuation of sex hormones at three key points of the menstrual cycle, where estrogen and progesterone vary significantly. Hormonal contraception induces hormonal levels different from the natural menstrual cycle, requiring specific study in relation to physical fitness. (2) Method: Women aged 18 to 40 years with regular natural menstrual cycles and women using hormonal contraception were recruited, creating two study groups. All participants needed to be athletes classified as level II–III, based on training volume/physical activity metrics, among other variables. To assess their physical fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness (measured by V˙O2max), high-speed strength, hand grip strength, and flexibility were evaluated. Blood samples were taken to determine the menstrual cycle phase through analysis of sex hormone levels. Additionally, urine tests for ovulation detection were performed for the natural menstrual cycle group. Neurosensory stimulation tests were incorporated to measure sensory thresholds and pain thresholds in each phase. Body composition in each phase and its relationship with the other variables were also taken into account. (3) Results: Athletes in the natural cycling group showed differences in V˙O2max (mL·kg−1·min−1) (phase I = 41.75 vs. phase II = 43.85 and (p = 0.004) and phase I vs. phase III = 43.25 mL·kg−1·min−1 (p = 0.043)), as well as in body weight (phase I = 63.23 vs. phase III = 62.48 kg; p = 0.006), first pain threshold (phase I = 1.34 vs. phase II = 1.69 (p = 0.027) and phase III = 1.59 mA (p = 0.011)), and sensitive threshold (phase I = 0.64 vs. phase II = 0.76 mA (p = 0.017)). The pain threshold was found to be an important covariate in relation to V˙O2max, explaining 31.9% of the variance in phase I (p = 0.006). These findings were not observed between the two phases of contraceptive cycling. (4) Conclusion: The natural menstrual cycle will cause significant changes in the physical fitness of athletes. The use of hormonal contraception is not innocuous. Women with natural cycles show a decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness in phases II and III, which is a factor to be considered in relation to training level and workload.

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Influence of Female Sex Hormones on Ultra-Running Performance and Post-Race Recovery: Role of Testosterone

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Exercise‐induced changes on exerkines that might influence brown adipose tissue metabolism in young sedentary adults

Exercise‐induced changes on exerkines that might influence brown adipose tissue metabolism in young sedentary adults

Analysis of Grip Strength and Its Explanatory Factors in Older Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumours

Is It Necessary to Adapt Training According to the Menstrual Cycle? Influence of Contraception and Physical Fitness Variables

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