Influence of Fenton's reagent treatment on electrochemical properties of graphite felt for all vanadium redox flow battery

Gao, Chao; Wang, Nanfang; Peng, Sui; Liu, Suqin; Liu, Ying; Liang, Xinxing; Zeng, Shanshan; Zi, HuiFang

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.10.021

Cited by 155 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Obviously, the carbon in C1s XPS and oxygen in O1s XPS have several electronic states. Based on the literatures [44][45][46], for C1s spectra (Figs 6A and 6B The relative content of these surface groups of the samples were obtained by measuring the relative peak areas based on Figs 6 and the results are listed in Table 1. It can be seen that the content of OH and C O at the surface of GF is increased from 7.16% to 8.26% and from 3.74% to 4.00%, respectively, demonstrating an increase of oxygen-containing functional groups after KOH activation.…”

Section: Xps Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of a novel KOH activated graphite felt cathode for the electro-Fenton process

Wang

Liu

Wang

et al. 2015

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Xps Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of a novel KOH activated graphite felt cathode for the electro-Fenton process

Wang

Liu

Wang

et al. 2015

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…5 Recently, attention has been directed toward improvement of electrochemical properties of carbon based electrode materials. Modifications via thermal treatments, chemical oxidation, or electrochemical oxidation are thought to enhance electrochemical activity.6-12 The presence of oxygen containing functional groups has been shown to directly affect the kinetics; surface oxides resulting from the aforementioned treatments are thought to act as active sites, catalyzing the vanadium reactions.13 Some researchers have reported an increase [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] while others reported a decrease 14 in activity upon functionalization of carbon electrodes. Many of these studies have been conducted using glassy carbon, 15,16 graphite, 17 carbon paper, 18 multi-walled carbon nanotubes, 19 or carbon composites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Some researchers have reported an increase [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] while others reported a decrease 14 in activity upon functionalization of carbon electrodes. Many of these studies have been conducted using glassy carbon, 15,16 graphite, 17 carbon paper, 18 multi-walled carbon nanotubes, 19 or carbon composites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The presence of oxygen containing functional groups has been shown to directly affect the kinetics; surface oxides resulting from the aforementioned treatments are thought to act as active sites, catalyzing the vanadium reactions. 13 Some researchers have reported an increase [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] while others reported a decrease 14 in activity upon functionalization of carbon electrodes. Many of these studies have been conducted using glassy carbon, 15,16 graphite, 17 carbon paper, 18 multi-walled carbon nanotubes, 19 or carbon composites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Kinetic Study of Electrochemical Treatment of Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes Leading to In Situ Enhancement of Vanadium Flow Battery Efficiency

Miller

Bourke

Quill

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Novel carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) and flow cell experiments were used to investigate electrode treatments for vanadium flow batteries (VFBs). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on CFMEs showed that electrode treatments at positive potentials enhance the kinetics of V 2+ /V 3+ and inhibit the kinetics of VO 2+ /VO 2 + , while electrode treatments at negative potentials inhibit the kinetics of V 2+ /V 3+ and enhance the kinetics of VO 2+ /VO 2 + . XPS analysis showed changes in oxygen-containing species on electrode surfaces after treatment, supporting the suggestion that such species are responsible for the observed effects. The kinetics of VO 2+ /VO 2 + are significantly faster than that of V 2+ /V 3+ . Based on the CFME results, the range of potential experienced by a negative electrode in a flow cell during operation corresponds to a region where it is being deactivated by reduction, and the redox potential of the positive half-cell falls in a region where the electrode is activated for the V 2+ /V 3+ reaction. This is supported by flow cell experiments which showed that the overpotential at the negative electrode increases with charge-discharge cycling but decreases significantly when the positive and negative electrolytes are interchanged. The all-vanadium flow battery (VFB) has received attention as a load leveling technology for large-scale energy storage.1-4 This technology is capable of interfacing with renewable energy sources and provides an alternative solution to balancing power consumption and generation. Despite the advantages, VFBs have not yet been widely commercialized. Significant improvements are needed to enhance flow battery systems. Limitations include ion transport through the membrane, mass transport resistances within the electrodes, and electrode reaction kinetics. 5 Recently, attention has been directed toward improvement of electrochemical properties of carbon based electrode materials. Modifications via thermal treatments, chemical oxidation, or electrochemical oxidation are thought to enhance electrochemical activity.6-12 The presence of oxygen containing functional groups has been shown to directly affect the kinetics; surface oxides resulting from the aforementioned treatments are thought to act as active sites, catalyzing the vanadium reactions.13 Some researchers have reported an increase [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] while others reported a decrease 14 in activity upon functionalization of carbon electrodes. Many of these studies have been conducted using glassy carbon, 15,16 graphite, 17 carbon paper, 18 multi-walled carbon nanotubes, 19 or carbon composites. 20 One group concluded that the kinetics for the VO 2+ /VO 2 + reaction are faster than the V 2+ /V 3+ reaction at a plastic formed carbon electrode, but found the opposite when using pyrolytic graphite. 21 Previously, we reported that electrochemical oxidation treatments enhanced the V 2+ /V 3+ reaction kinetics, whereas electrochemical reduction treatments enhanced the VO 2...

show abstract

“…Several reports have concluded that oxygen and nitrogen functionalization of carbon materials can be effective means of altering surface chemistry to promote the vanadium redox reaction kinetics, reducing activation overpotential and improving performance. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Di Blasi et al suggested that there is an optimal amount of oxygen for a VRFB electrode, beyond which electrode performance decreases. 39 As previous studies show a link between aging and oxidation of the surface, 18,19 the question of how aging-induced oxidation affects the chemistry of an already-oxidized surface, and ultimately the electrode performance, is of interest.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cell-in-Series Method: A Technique for Accelerated Electrode Degradation in Redox Flow Batteries

Pezeshki

Sacci

Veith

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We demonstrate a novel method to accelerate electrode degradation in redox flow batteries and apply this method to the all-vanadium chemistry. Electrode performance degradation occurred seven times faster than in a typical cycling experiment, enabling rapid evaluation of materials. This method also enables the steady-state study of electrodes. In this manner, it is possible to delineate whether specific operating conditions induce performance degradation; we found that both aggressively charging and discharging result in performance loss. Post-mortem x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the degraded electrodes was used to resolve the effects of state of charge (SoC) and current on the electrode surface chemistry. For the electrode material tested in this work, we found evidence that a loss of oxygen content on the negative electrode cannot explain decreased cell performance. Furthermore, the effects of decreased electrode and membrane performance on capacity fade in a typical cycling battery were decoupled from crossover; electrode and membrane performance decay were responsible for a 22% fade in capacity, while crossover caused a 12% fade. This paper is part of the JES Focus Issue on Redox Flow Batteries-Reversible Fuel Cells.The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a potential gridscale energy storage technology that has attracted significant research interest.1-5 The cell architecture, electrodes, and membranes have been considerably optimized, resulting in increased efficiency and power density of VRFBs.3,5-10 Other research has focused on improving energy density by enhancing vanadium solubility through the use of additives in the electrolyte solution; these compounds may also enhance electrode activity. [11][12][13] As these improvements continue, the long-term durability of VRFBs becomes an issue with strong implications for commercial viability. Therefore, methods to study component durability are of growing interest.Unlike traditional secondary batteries, VRFBs do not suffer from appreciable unrecoverable capacity fade. They promise to have long lifetimes due to the ability to rebalance the electrolyte, 14-16 which negates capacity fade and may allow them to last for thousands of cycles and for several years. While the vanadium electrolyte is stable, 17 the durability of some components in the VRFB has not been studied in detail. Changes in the electrode can result in increased activation/ charge transfer resistance and decreased mass transport; changes in the membrane may result in increased ohmic resistance in the cell. These phenomena contribute to a decrease in the capacity that can be accessed at high currents as well as to reduced energy efficiency. Herein, we present a methodology and initial findings for studying performance degradation in VRFBs. The energy efficiency loss in a typical VRFB cycling experiment is deconvoluted into contributions from decreased electrode performance and increased ohmic resistance within the membrane. The capacity fade mechanism, often attributed to crossover alone...

show abstract

Influence of Fenton's reagent treatment on electrochemical properties of graphite felt for all vanadium redox flow battery

Cited by 155 publications

References 43 publications

Preparation and characterization of a novel KOH activated graphite felt cathode for the electro-Fenton process

Preparation and characterization of a novel KOH activated graphite felt cathode for the electro-Fenton process

Kinetic Study of Electrochemical Treatment of Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes Leading to In Situ Enhancement of Vanadium Flow Battery Efficiency

The Cell-in-Series Method: A Technique for Accelerated Electrode Degradation in Redox Flow Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About