Influence of firing parameters on phase composition of raw glazes

The thermal and microstructural behavior of a R2O–RO–(ZnO)–Al2O3–(TiO2)–SiO2 based macro-crystalline raw glaze system

“…-SiO 2 glaze system was selected on the bases of previous studies in the literature [3,4,[8][9][10]21]. In the present study recipes of Z, T and ZT series of the glaze compositions were developed and grouped according to their ZnO and TiO 2 contents (Table 2).…”

“…Raw glaze is a more favorable and cost effective alternative, especially for high fired porcelain bodies [9]. The oxides generally used to form macro-crystals are zinc, titanium and iron.…”

Modifications of surface materials and their effects on cleanability as studied by radiochemical methods

“…Verran et al 2000, Adl and Rahman, 2001, Jullien et al 2002, Dondi et al 2005, Hupa et al 2005, Kuisma et al 2005a, Kuisma et al 2005b, Kuisma 2006, Arstila et al 2007, Fröberg et al 2007a, Fröberg et al 2007b …”

“…In general the studied properties have been surface structure (Liu et al 1996, Bolelli et al 2005, Mateus et al 2005, hydrophilic properties (Watanabe et al 1999, Fujishima et al 2000a, Wu et al 2005, Fujishima and Zhang 2006, Pore et al 2006, Kronberg et al 2007) and crystallization (Llusar et al 2002, Romero et al 2003, Hsiang and Lin 2004, Jung and Park 2004, Bolelli et al 2006, Fröberg et al 2007a, Fröberg et al 2007b. In some studies it was reported that the manufacturing process affected crystallization and surface properties (Llusar et al 2002, Romero et al 2003, Hsiang and Lin 2004, Pore et al 2006, Fröberg et al 2007b. A new function of the coating is to make the surface easy-to-clean or selfcleaning.…”

The influence of particle size distribution on the surface appearance of glazed tiles

“…An industrial property related to surface glazes is their gloss, the property of a surface to directly reflect light [20][21][22][23]. Gloss depends basically on surface roughness and absorbance.…”