“…In other words, whatever the measure used (e.g., financial performance, innovation), the performance of coopetition strategies was assessed at the firm level. However, most firms employ combinations of different strategies consisting of vertical coopetitive agreements, horizontal coopetitive agreements and individual strategies Duysters, Heimeriks, Lokshin, Meijer & Sabidussi, 2012;Kim, 2014;Park, Srivastava & Gnyawali, 2014a;Stettner & Lavie, 2014;Wu, 2014). Consequently, even if previous studies used control variables to neutralize the effect of other strategies, the firm's performance was still mixing different elements.…”