Influence of Flow Conditions on Deposits From Heated Hydrocarbon Fuels

Chin, J. S.; Lefebvre, A. H.

doi:10.1115/1.2906727

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The formation of these deposits is known to be accelerated at higher flow rates which correspond to higher Reynolds numbers. 13,29 This agrees with our results. The overall average conversion of JP-10 with the HY zeolite at a fuel flow rate of 2.3 g/hr is 34% while the overall average conversion at a fuel flow rate of 10.6 g/hr is 41% (Table 4).…”

Section: Effect Of Liquid Fuel Flow Ratesupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In particular, some studies determined the fuel endothermicity for supersonic engine cooling applications 17,26,27 while others investigated the factors that affect deposit formation on the zeolite itself. 13,29 Typically, the catalytic cracking results are corrected for the products generated due to the thermal cracking reactions. However, because the thermal cracking reactions in our experiments resulted in less than 3% conversion, we do not attempt to correct our catalytic cracking data.…”

Section: Catalytic Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is expected because the higher pressure acts to increase the Reynolds number which is known to increase deposit formation. 13,29 Additionally, by Le Chatlier's principle, an increase in the pressure would cause the chemical reactions to proceed in a manner decreasing the number of moles in the system. Thus, higher-molecular-weight species would be formed.…”

Section: Effect Of Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiments Studying Thermal Cracking, Catalytic Cracking, and Pre-Mixed Partial Oxidation of JP-10

Cooper

Shepherd

2003

39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit

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Practical air-breathing pulse detonation engines (PDE) will be based on storable liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as JP-10 or Jet A. However, without significant advances in initiation technology, such fuels are not optimal for PDE operation due to the high energy input required for direct initiation of a detonation and the long deflagration-todetonation transition times associated with low-energy initiators. In an effort to utilize such conventional liquid fuels and still maintain the performance of the lighter and more sensitive hydrocarbon fuels, various fuel modification schemes such as thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, and partial oxidation have been investigated. We have examined the decomposition of JP-10 through thermal and catalytic cracking mechanisms at elevated temperatures using a benchtop reactor system. The system has the capability to vaporize liquid fuel at precise flow rates while maintaining the flow path at elevated temperatures and pressures for extended periods of time. The catalytic cracking tests were completed utilizing common industrial zeolite catalysts installed in the reactor. A gas chromatograph with a capillary column and flame ionization detector, connected to the reactor output, is used to speciate the reaction products. The conversion rate and product compositions were determined as functions of the fuel metering rate, reactor temperature, system backpressure, and zeolite type. An additional study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of using pre-mixed rich combustion to partially oxidize JP-10. A mixture of partially oxidized products was initially obtained by rich combustion in JP-10 and air mixtures for equivalence ratios between 1 and 5. Following the first burn, air was added to the products, creating an equivalent stoichiometric mixture. A second burn was then carried out. Pressure histories and schlieren video images were recorded for both burns. The results were analyzed by comparing the peak and final pressures to idealized thermodynamic predictions.

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Section: Effect Of Liquid Fuel Flow Ratesupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Catalytic Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experiments Studying Thermal Cracking, Catalytic Cracking, and Pre-Mixed Partial Oxidation of JP-10

Cooper

Shepherd

2003

39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit

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“…[10] Thermal decomposition of dodecylbenzene Chin et al [11] Thermal stability of four kerosine-type fuels Chin and Lefebvre [12] For characterizing the thermal oxidative tendencies of aviation fuels Chin and Lefebvre [13] Thermal stability characteristics of kerosine-type fuels Chin and Lefebvre [14] Thermal stability characteristics of hydrocarbon fuels Edwards and Zabarnick [15] Surface deposition (fouling) of jet fuels Giovanetti et al [16] Thermal stability and heat-transfer characteristics of several hydrocarbon fuels Goel and Boehman [17] Jet fuel degradation in flow reactors Grinstead and Zabarnick [18] Oxidn. and deposition data for jet fuels Han-Ying [19] Thermal stability of kerosene Heneghan et al [20] Jet fuel thermal stability Heneghan and Harrison [21] development of an improved JP-8…”

Section: Fuel Decomposition Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermophysical properties measurements and models for rocket propellant RP-1:

Magee¹,

Bruno²,

Friend³

et al. 2007

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“…In particular, the high oxygen content, which is identified by elemental analysis as well as by infrared analysis, exhibits similarities with deposits formed through thermal instabilities of hydrocarbons. These mechanisms were studied by Chin and Lefebvre (1992) and Krazinski et al (1990) under fuel supply system conditions. Both authors investigated deposit formation by heating fuels in tubes outside a combustor.…”

Section: Fig 6: Diffraction Pattern Of the Deposits In The Vicinity mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Coke Formation in Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers

Brandauer

Schulz

Wittig

1995

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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New gas turbine combustor designs are developed to reduce pollutant and NOx-emissions. In these new combustors, the formation of carbonaceous deposits, especially in prevaporizers, affects the reliablility and effectiveness of operation. To avoid deposits, a detailed knowledge of the origins and mechanisms of formation is required. To obtain a deeper insight, the phenomena were studied systematically. The deposits under consideration show differing characteristics suggesting more than one formation mechanism in the combustor. Consequently, the primary goal was to identify the formation mechanisms and, subsequently, to simulate the mechanisms under well-defined conditions in bench tests for determining the relevant parameters of deposit build-up. The mechanisms of formation were identified based on the properties of the deposits in the combustion chamber. In order to characterize the deposits, physical and chemical analysis techniques were utilized. In summary, tests and numerical predictions identified two major paths of formation: a deposit build-up resulting from flame products such as soot or coked droplets and a deposit build-up resulting from liquid fuel impinging the wall accompanied with chemical reactions at the wall. The deposits caused by fuel droplet impingement were intensively studied in bench tests. In analyzing the processes, the influence of wall temperature, fuel composition, and the oxygen content in the environment is shown in detail. In addition, the importance of thermal instabilities of the fuel, previously studied under fuel supply system conditions, is demonstrated for a deposit formation inside a combustion chamber.

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Influence of Flow Conditions on Deposits From Heated Hydrocarbon Fuels

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Experiments Studying Thermal Cracking, Catalytic Cracking, and Pre-Mixed Partial Oxidation of JP-10

Experiments Studying Thermal Cracking, Catalytic Cracking, and Pre-Mixed Partial Oxidation of JP-10

Thermophysical properties measurements and models for rocket propellant RP-1:

Mechanisms of Coke Formation in Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers

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