Influence of flow turbulence on<i>Chara fibrosa</i>: growth, stress, and tissue carbon content

Ellawala, Champika; Asaeda, Takashi; Kawamura, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1080/02705060.2011.595555

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, the mechanical effects of these two flow components may differ on aquatic plants. Whereas mean flow exerts tension stress on the plant body parallel to the direction of flow (Bornette & Puijalon, ), turbulence loads mechanical forces and pressures in varying directions on the plant body (Atapaththu & Asaeda, ; Atapaththu et al, ; Ellawala, Asaeda, & Kawamura, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mechanical stressors caused by mean flow and turbulence on aquatic plants with different morphologies

2017

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Mean flow and turbulence are two significant factors that simultaneously affect aquatic plants.The tension from mean flow is unidirectional, whereas loads from turbulence fluctuate with the forces and pressures of different magnitude and direction. Our aim was to determine which water movement factor was most significant for habitat selection by submerged plants with different morphologies. The effects of mean flow and turbulence were tested with the whorled Elodea nuttallii, Potamogeton crispus, and leafy Vallisneria asiatica, controlling for other factors. A gradually constricted transparent pipe with plants in the middle was used in a recirculating tank to test the effects of the mean flow, and the effects of turbulence were examined by generating different turbulence levels in tanks with vertically oscillating grids. To determine plant response to these stressors, plant morphology, contents of cellulose, lignin, H 2 O 2 , pigments, indole acetic acid, and antioxidant activities were measured. Plant tissues were examined using transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. At high turbulence levels, antioxidant activities and H 2 O 2 concentrations were significantly higher than in plants affected by mean flow or in stagnant water; thus, the physiological stress from turbulence was significantly higher regardless of morphology. V. asiatica benefited from mean flow, whereas whorled E. nuttallii and P. crispus were more stressed than plants in stagnant water. To withstand vigorous motion, accumulations of lignin and cellulose were high and cell ultrastructure was altered in plants exposed to high turbulence levels. Therefore, the physiology of submerged plants was affected more by turbulent motion than by mean flow.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mechanical stressors caused by mean flow and turbulence on aquatic plants with different morphologies

2017

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“…; Ellawala et al . ). The influence of these ecological characters upon charophytes has generally been studied from the viewpoint of shoot morphology, while only a few studies have been carried out on the relationships between oospore morphology and the environment, and even fewer studies exist about this relationship in gyrogonites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gyrogonite polymorphism in twoEuropean charophyte biozone index species

Sanjuan

Martı́n-Closas

2015

Papers in Palaeontology

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The intraspecific gyrogonite polymorphism of two Late Palaeogene index species of the European charophyte biozonation scheme (Lychnothamnus vectensis (Groves, 1926) Soulié‐Märsche, 1989, and Lychnothamnus pinguis (Grambast, 1958) Soulié‐Märsche, 1989) was studied, based on their type populations from the Isle of Wight, UK. Both species display remarkable variation in the size, apical ornamentation and basal pore morphology of their calcified fructifications depending on the extent of calcification. This intrapopulational gyrogonite polymorphism is consistent with the general tendency observed in the only extant representative of the same genus, L. barbatus, which produces gyrogonites differing by up to 250 μm in height and 225 μm in width. On the other hand, the morphometric analysis performed on three populations of L. vectensis from different European basins (Hampshire, Paris and Ebro basins) indicates that the size variation of gyrogonites had a latitudinal polarity. The mean gyrogonite size of the type population from the Hampshire basin is about ~220 μm higher and ~125 μm wider than the mean value of the population from the Ebro basin, while intermediate gyrogonite sizes occur in the Paris basin. Furthermore, the morphometric characterization of the species L. pinguis supports its synonymy with the coeval species Lychnothamnus major (Grambast and Paul, 1965) Soulié‐Märsche, 1989, the former having nomenclatural priority. The synonymy between these two biostratigraphic index species allows the merging of the two corresponding and successive biozones, L. pinguis and L. major. The new comprehensive Lychnothamnus pinguis partial range zone is defined as an interval between the first occurrence of L. pinguis and the first occurrence of Chara microcera Grambast and Paul, 1965. This biozone is correlated with the MP22 and MP23 European Mammal Reference Levels and calibrated in the Ebro basin with chrons C13r and C12n, providing an absolute age ranging between ~34 and ~31.1 Ma.

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“…For example, a previous investigation showed that the occurrence and abundance of aquatic macrophytes decreased with increased current velocity, and survey units with no visible flow or fast flow were characterized by different indicator species 27 . A recent report 28 showed that flow turbulence (1.06–1.93 cm s −1 ) could induce oxidant stress, inhibit plant growth and photosynthetic efficiency and decrease the carbon content in the tissue of the submerged macrophyte Chara fibrosa . Differences in macrophyte morphology have been related to N uptake, and a higher leaf perimeter-to-area ratio has been associated with higher uptake rates 29 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water flow on submerged macrophyte-biofilm systems in constructed wetlands

Han

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The effects of water flow on the leaf-biofilm interface of Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata were investigated using artificial plants as the control. Water flow inhibited the growth of two species of submerged macrophytes, reduced oxygen concentrations in plant leaves and changed oxygen profiles at the leaf-biofilm interface. The results from confocal laser scanning microscopy and multifractal analysis showed that water flow reduced biofilm thickness, changed biofilm topographic characterization and increased the percentages of single colony-like biofilm patches. A cluster analysis revealed that the bacterial compositions in biofilms were determined mainly by substrate types and were different from those in sediments. However, water flow increased the bacterial diversity in biofilms in terms of operational taxonomic unit numbers and Shannon Indices. Our results indicated that water flow can be used to regulate the biomass, distribution and bacterial diversities of epiphytic biofilms in constructed wetlands dominated by submerged macrophytes.

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Influence of flow turbulence onChara fibrosa: growth, stress, and tissue carbon content

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of mechanical stressors caused by mean flow and turbulence on aquatic plants with different morphologies

Effects of mechanical stressors caused by mean flow and turbulence on aquatic plants with different morphologies

Gyrogonite polymorphism in twoEuropean charophyte biozone index species

Effects of water flow on submerged macrophyte-biofilm systems in constructed wetlands

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