Influence of Fluids on Earthquakes Based on Numerical Modeling

Marguin, Valentin; Simpson, Guy

doi:10.1029/2022jb025132

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(174 reference statements)

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“…When faults are not fully locked during the interseismic period, stress perturbations associated with a fluid injection can cause the fault to release a portion of its energy (Ji et al, 2023). Numerical modeling by Marguin and Simpson (2023) suggest that fluid-pressure perturbations result in slow-slip events that have relatively lower stress drops, slip, and slip velocity. Another numerical modeling study by Lengliné et al (2023) suggest that increased pore pressure may stabilize seismogenic patches and lead to a transition between seismic and aseismic behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For simplicity, we neglect changes in porosity and permeability. Several studies have proposed that permeability changes can contribute to slow slip earthquakes and variations in fluid‐induced seismicity (Khajehdehi et al., 2022; Marguin & Simpson, 2023). To investigate the effect of permeability changes, we conduct an additional simulation with a simple permeability evolution (Text S3 and Figure S7 in Supporting Information S1) and find that permeability changes have no significant impact on our modeling results.…”

Section: Models and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluid‐Induced Aseismic Slip May Explain the Non‐Self‐Similar Source Scaling of the Induced Earthquake Sequence Near the Dallas‐Fort Worth Airport, Texas

Jeong,

Tan,

Lui

2024

JGR Solid Earth

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Numerous studies have reported the occurrence of aseismic slip or slow slip events along faults induced by fluid injection. However, the underlying physical mechanism and its impact on induced seismicity remain unclear. In this study, we develop a numerical model that incorporates fluid injection on a fault governed by rate‐and‐state friction to simulate the coupled processes of pore‐pressure diffusion, aseismic slip, and dynamic rupture. We establish a field‐scale model to emulate the source characteristics of induced seismicity near the Dallas‐Fort Worth Airport (DFWA), Texas, where events with lower‐stress drops have been observed. Our numerical calculations reveal that the diffusion of fluid pressure modifies fault criticality and induces aseismic slip with lower stress drop values (<1 MPa), which further influence the timing and source properties of subsequent seismic ruptures. We observe that the level of pore‐pressure perturbation exhibits a positive correlation with aseismic‐stress drops but a reversed trend with seismic‐stress drops. Simulations encompassing diverse injection operations and fault frictional parameters generate a wide spectrum of slip modes, with the scaling relationship of moment (M0) with ruptured radius (r0) following an unusual trend, , similar to observed in the DFWA sequence. Based on the consistent scaling, we hypothesize that the lower‐stress‐drop events in the DFWA may imply less dynamic ruptures in the transition from aseismic to seismic slip, located in the middle of the broad slip spectrum, as illustrated in our simulations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Models and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid‐Induced Aseismic Slip May Explain the Non‐Self‐Similar Source Scaling of the Induced Earthquake Sequence Near the Dallas‐Fort Worth Airport, Texas

Jeong,

Tan,

Lui

2024

JGR Solid Earth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When faults are not fully locked during the interseismic period, stress perturbations associated with a fluid injection can cause the fault to release a portion of its energy (Ji et al, 2023). Numerical modeling by Marguin & Simpson (2023) suggest that fluidpressure perturbations result in slow-slip events that have relatively lower stress drops, slip, and slip velocity. Another numerical modeling study by Lengliné et al (2023) suggest that increased pore pressure may stabilize seismogenic patches and lead to a transition between seismic and aseismic behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For simplicity, we neglect changes in porosity and permeability. Several studies have proposed that permeability changes can contribute to slow slip earthquakes and variations in fluid-induced seismicity (Khajehdehi et al, 2022, Marguin & Simpson, 2023. To investigate the effect of permeability changes, we conduct an additional simulation with a simple permeability evolution (Text S3 and Figure S7) and find that permeability changes have no significant impact on our modeling results.…”

Section: Simulating Pore-pressure Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fluid-induced aseismic slip may explain the non-self-similar source scaling of the induced earthquake sequence near the Dallas-Fort Worth Airport, Texas

Jeong,

Tan,

Lui

2023

Preprint

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Numerous studies have reported the occurrence of aseismic slips or slow slip events along faults induced by fluid injection. However, the underlying physical mechanism and its impact on induced seismicity remain unclear. In this study, we develop a numerical model that incorporates rate-and-state friction fault and fluid injection to simulate the coupled processes of pore pressure diffusion, aseismic slip, and dynamic rupture. We establish a field-scale model to emulate the induced seismicity near the Dallas-Fort Worth Airport, Texas, where events with lower stress drops have been observed. Our numerical calculations reveal that the diffusion of fluid pressure induces aseismic slips and advances or delays seismic ruptures. Furthermore, the stress drops associated with aseismic slips indicate lower values (< 1 MPa), which may explain the observed variation in stress drops near the Airport. Simulations encompassing diverse injection operations and fault frictional parameters show that the interplay between the amount of pore pressure perturbations and stress states during the interseismic period influences the initiation, quantity, recurrence intervals, and source parameters of aseismic slips. However, the scaling relationship of moment (M0) with ruptured domain (r0) for all simulated events follows an unusual trend, M0∝r04.3, similar to M0∝r04.7 observed in the Airport sequence. Based on the consistent scaling, we hypothesize that the lower stress drop events in the Airport may be less dynamic ruptures, similar to aseismic slips as illustrated in our simulations.

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“…This is consistent with the inference from Abercrombie and Rice (2005). For shallower earthquakes, Viesca and Garagash (2015) found a change in scaling for larger earthquakes that could be modeled using dynamic weakening mechanisms such as flash heating (Rice, 2006) and thermo‐pressurization of fluids (Marguin & Simpson, 2023; Noda & Lapusta, 2013). In contrast to the inferred behavior of shallower earthquakes (Viesca & Garagash, 2015), our results suggest no strong dynamic weakening mechanisms.…”

Section: Source Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Observations of Deep Earthquake Ruptures Using Machine Learning

Shi,

Denolle

2023

JGR Solid Earth

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Elevated seismic noise for moderate‐size earthquakes recorded at teleseismic distances has limited our ability to see their complexity. We develop a machine‐learning‐based algorithm to separate noise and earthquake signals that overlap in frequency. The multi‐task encoder‐decoder model is built around a kernel pre‐trained on local (e.g., short distances) earthquake data (Yin et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac290) and is modified by continued learning with high‐quality teleseismic data. We denoise teleseismic P waves of deep Mw5.0+ earthquakes and use the clean P waves to estimate source characteristics with reduced uncertainties of these understudied earthquakes. We find a scaling of moment and duration to be M0 ≃ τ4, and a resulting strong scaling of stress drop and radiated energy with magnitude ( and ). The median radiation efficiency is 5%, a low value compared to crustal earthquakes. Overall, we show that deep earthquakes have weak rupture directivity and few subevents, suggesting a simple model of a circular crack with radial rupture propagation is appropriate. When accounting for their respective scaling with earthquake size, we find no systematic depth variations of duration, stress drop, or radiated energy within the 100–700 km depth range. Our study supports the findings of Poli and Prieto (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jb013521) with a doubled amount of earthquakes investigated and with earthquakes of lower magnitudes.

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Influence of Fluids on Earthquakes Based on Numerical Modeling

Cited by 10 publications

References 90 publications

Fluid‐Induced Aseismic Slip May Explain the Non‐Self‐Similar Source Scaling of the Induced Earthquake Sequence Near the Dallas‐Fort Worth Airport, Texas

Fluid‐Induced Aseismic Slip May Explain the Non‐Self‐Similar Source Scaling of the Induced Earthquake Sequence Near the Dallas‐Fort Worth Airport, Texas

Fluid-induced aseismic slip may explain the non-self-similar source scaling of the induced earthquake sequence near the Dallas-Fort Worth Airport, Texas

Improved Observations of Deep Earthquake Ruptures Using Machine Learning

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