Influence of food on the absorption of albuterol Repetabs

Bolinger, Ann M.; Young, Kathleen Y.L.; Gambertoglio, John G.; Newth, Christopher J. L.; Zureikat, George; Powell, Mark L.; Leung, P.; Affrime, Melton B.; Symchowicz, Samson; Patrick, James E.

doi:10.1016/0091-6749(89)90486-7

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These products may be useful for prophylaxis against exacerbations of asthma at night (Maesen & Smeets 1986). Food has minimal effect on the absorption of sustained release salbutamol tablets (Bolinger et al 1989).…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic Optimisation of Asthma Treatment

Taburet

Schmit

1994

Clinical Pharmacokinetics

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Asthma is generally managed with bronchodilator therapy and/or anti-inflammatory drugs. Guidelines now advocate selection of drugs and pharmaceutical formulations (long-acting vs short-acting, inhaled vs systemic) on the basis of disease severity. Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic margin. Clearance is highly variable and plasma concentrations should be monitored to avoid the occurrence of plasma concentration-related adverse effects. The rate of absorption of theophylline differs depending on the sustained release formulation administered. Some products do not provide sufficient plasma drug concentrations for therapeutic efficacy over a 12-hour period, particularly in patients with high clearance rates (e.g. children and patients who smoke). Administration of drugs via inhalation offers several advantages over systemic routes of administration (e.g. adverse effects are decreased). Inhalation is now advocated as first-line therapy. Aerosol medications available for the treatment of asthma are beta 2-agonist (including the newer long-acting agents such as salmeterol), corticosteroids, anticholinergic drugs, sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium) and nedocromil. To reach the airways, aerosolised particles should be 1 to 5 microns in diameter. Particles of this size can be produced by nebuliser for continuous administration or by metered-dose inhaler and drug powder inhaler for unit dose medication. For efficient use of the metered-dose inhaler, slow inhalation and actuation must be coordinated. However, efficacy and convenience can be improved when spacer devices are used. Furthermore, spacer devices lessen the oropharyngeal adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids. Dry powder inhalers are more easily used by children and elderly patients than metered-dose inhalers. Regardless of the device used, a maximum of 10% of the inhaled dose reaches the airways. The rest of the dose is swallowed and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most inhaled drugs have low oral bioavailability, either because of a high first-pass metabolism (beta 2-agonists and glucocorticoids) or because of lack of absorption (sodium cromoglycate). Sulphation of beta 2-agonists occurs in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract and extensive metabolism of inhaled corticosteroids occurs in the liver. Low bioavailability of the swallowed fraction contributes to reduced adverse effects. The pharmacokinetic properties of an inhaled drug are of interest. The fraction of the dose absorbed through the lung has the same disposition characteristics as an intravenous dose, and the swallowed fraction has the same disposition as an orally administered dose. However, for many drugs, pharmacokinetic data after inhalation are limited and cannot be used as a criteria for selection of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Section: Pharmacokinetic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic Optimisation of Asthma Treatment

Taburet

Schmit

1994

Clinical Pharmacokinetics

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“…Low-dose short-and long-acting orally inhaled β2 agonists (albuterol, salmeterol, and formoterol), orally inhaled corticosteroids (budesonide), or if necessary, leukotriene receptor antagonists and oral corticosteroids (prednisone, prednisolone, and methylprednisolone) can be used in the long-term treatment (42,43). In a study conducted using the oral form of albuterol, which is one of the commonly used medications, it was determined that the T max value was delayed by 1 hour due to the ingestion of the drug with nutrition (30). In another study, it was reported that the intake of caffeine with albuterol increased the metabolic rate in humans and in vitro, and it reduced fat mass and fat-free tissue mass in rats (31).…”

Section: Asthma and Antitussive Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Pharmacokinetic Alterations and Drug-Nutrient Interactions During Pregnancy

Ede¹,

Ünal²

2017

Istanbul Med J

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During pregnancy, a large part of the body is affected by the physiological and anatomical changes that start in early pregnancy. Many of these changes significantly affect the pharmacokinetic (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and pharmacodynamic properties of different drugs (1-3). During treatment, the use of medicines with the content of only some active ingredients is important to ensure maternal and fetal safety during pregnancy (4-6).Drug-nutritional element interactions are defined as the physicochemical, physiological, and pathophysiological relationships between a drug and nutritional element or between a drug and multiple nutritional elements, nutrients, and constituents or the nutritional status in a broader sense (6-8). Drug-nutritional element interactions can occur in four steps: extracellular bioinactivation, decrease/increase in absorption, decrease/increase in efficacy, and decrease/ increase in excretion (elimination) (7). Therefore, the fact that health professionals consider the physiological changes and the factors affecting the distribution of the drug in the body during pregnancy is important to ensure the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy. In this review article, we aimed to investigate the effects of physiological changes during pregnancy on the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug and the interactions of drugs, nutrients, and nutritional elements. Physiological Changes and Drug Metabolism in PregnancyPregnancy is a process in which many physiological differentiations occur in the cardiovascular, respiratory, excretory, gastrointestinal, and circulatory systems, which alter the interactions of nutrition, nutritional element, and drug metabolism. In summary, the rate and volume of the heart increase, lung capacity decreases, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increases, blood volume increases, blood circulation decreases, and gastrointestinal system (GIS) motility decreases; in addition, changes, such as nausea and vomiting, occur affecting nutrition. The physiological changes associated with pregnancy are summarized in Table 1. During pregnancy, the interactions between drug metabolism and nutrition and nutritional element may be pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic. The pharmaceutical interactions occur within the delivery medium, such as enteral tube or gastrointestinal lumen. This can affect the bioavailability of the drug or nutritional element (8). The pharmacokinetic interactions include the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the drug or nutritional element. The pharmacodynamic interactions include physiological changes Physiological and Pharmacokinetic Alterations and DrugNutrient Interactions During PregnancyDuring pregnancy, many physiological and metabolic alterations occur to support the requirements of the developing fetus. Alterations associated with the respiratory, cardiovascular, hematological, urinary, and gastrointestinal systems (GIS) may result in pregnancy-related disorders and may change the pharmac...

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Nocturnal Asthma: Mechanisms and Chronotherapy

Smolensky¹,

D’Alonzo²

1992

Biologic Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine

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Influence of food on the absorption of albuterol Repetabs

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Pharmacokinetic Optimisation of Asthma Treatment

Pharmacokinetic Optimisation of Asthma Treatment

Physiological and Pharmacokinetic Alterations and Drug-Nutrient Interactions During Pregnancy

Nocturnal Asthma: Mechanisms and Chronotherapy

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