Influence of Foreign Investments on the Development of the Economy of Ukraine Under the Conditions of Globalization

Abstract

The article is devoted to issues of foreign investment in Ukraine, since the effective implementation of investment activity is important for the development of the Ukrainian economy at the present stage and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises, necessary for its integration into the European socioeconomic space. The investment attractive factors contributing to the expansion of investment ties of Ukraine, namely, the presence of rich natural resources and production capacities are analyzed; developed infrastructure (the availability of ports, bridges, airfields, warehouses, communication systems, water supply); relatively cheap and skilled labor; large capacious and almost competitive unlimited domestic market for most commodity items; proximity to Asian and African sales markets; scientific potential, etc. The threats of foreign investment for the host country are identified.The dynamics of the volume of direct investment in Ukraine for 2010-2019 is traced, the periods of the most significant fluctuations are identified and the reasons that influenced such changes are revealed. A comparative analysis of the structure of direct foreign investment in Ukraine in the countries of the world at the beginning of 2015, 2018 and 2020 is carried out, the main structural changes are characterized. A structural analysis of foreign direct investment by type of economic activity at the beginning of 2020 is carried out, in comparison with the results of indicators of the structure of 2010 and 2016, priority areas of the country's economy in which it is advisable for foreign investors to invest are identified. The influence of foreign investment on the development of the Ukrainian economy is determined, it is insignificant and is largely dependent on the initial conditions: political stability, the macroeconomic situation in the country, the quality of human capital, institutional support also. The current structure of foreign direct investment of the Ukrainian economy in the areas contradicts the country's development priorities and does not have an effective impact on economic growth and the formation of an innovative model for the development of Ukrainian enterprises in the context of economic instability. The main problems that impede the development of foreign investment in Ukraine are identified (corruption and an inefficient judicial system, imperfect legal framework, high level of bureaucracy, not promoting the tax system for the development of entrepreneurship, customs barriers, lack of an effective insurance system, lack of its own system for assessing the country's investment climate and its individual regions, the unreliability of the banking system, the shortage of experienced and qualified specialists in project management).The main directions of improving the investment climate in Ukraine and specific ways of stimulating foreign investment are identified. Ключові слова: iнозeмнe iнвестування; прямi iноземнi iнвестицiї; iнвестицiйна дiяльнiсть; iнвестицiйний клiмат; сфера економiки; розвиток.

Analysis of Trends in Mortgage Lending in the Agricultural Sector of Ukraine

“…The cooperation of banking institutiBakhurons and insurance companies to reduce lending risks to agrarians is also not yet sufficiently successful (Zharikova and Cherkesenko 2021). The lack of guarantees and high risk decrease the possibility of borrowing in other countries (Shevchenko 2019;Mihaylenko and Krasnikova 2020;Samotoenkova 2019;Zaverbnyj 2021) and the use of international financial instruments, international crowdfunding in particular (Mohd Thas Thaker et al 2020). Perhaps, in the future, a path similar to the discussed (Mohd Thas Thaker et al 2020) integrated model of agriculture crowdfunding, which uses financing tools in the form of a crowdfunding platform, will be chosen.…”