Influence of Forest Disturbance on La Crosse Virus Risk in Southwestern Virginia

Hopkins, M. Camille; Zink, Steven D.; Paulson, Sally L.; Hawley, Dana M.

doi:10.3390/insects11010028

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Our detection of LACV in a pool of Ae. canadensis reinforces ndings in Ohio which showed this species to be a secondary vector of LACV, via both eld isolations of the virus and vector competence studies [23]; Aedes vexans is also thought to be an accessory vector for LACV in Virginia [24]. There is also experimental evidence that Culex spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Local persistence of novel regional variants of La Crosse virus in the Northeast United States

Eastwood

Shepard

Misencik

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: La Crosse virus [LACV] (genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes pediatric encephalitis and accounts for 50-150 human cases annually in the USA. Human cases occur primarily in the Midwest and Appalachian regions whereas documented human cases occur very rarely in the northeastern USA. Methods: Following detection of a LACV isolate from a field-collected mosquito in Connecticut during 2005, we evaluated the prevalence of LACV infection in local mosquito populations and genetically characterized virus isolates to determine whether the virus is maintained focally in this region. Results: During 2018, we detected LACV in multiple species of mosquitoes, including those not previously associated with the virus. We also evaluated the phylogenetic relationship of LACV strains isolated from 2005-2018 in Connecticut and found that they formed a genetically homogeneous clade that was most similar to strains from New York State. Conclusion: Our analysis argues for local isolation and long-term persistence of a genetically distinct lineage of LACV within this region. We highlight the need to determine more about the phenotypic behavior of these isolates, and whether this virus lineage poses a threat to public health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Local persistence of novel regional variants of La Crosse virus in the Northeast United States

Eastwood

Shepard

Misencik

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, infection of Ae . albopictus with LACV has been documented in Virginia [ 67 ], Tennessee [ 68 , 69 ], and Texas [ 70 ], and human cases of this virus have been reported from Virginia (n = 9) and neighboring states including Kentucky (n = 2), Maryland (n = 3), North Carolina (n = 179), Tennessee (n = 115), and West Virginia (n = 86) over the past 10 years [ https://www.cdc.gov/lac/tech/epi.html ]. Human cases of Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) have also been reported from the neighboring states including New Jersey (n = 1), North Carolina (n = 1), and Tennessee (n = 2) [ https://www.cdc.gov/jamestown-canyon/statistics/index.html ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host interactions of Aedes albopictus, an invasive vector of arboviruses, in Virginia, USA

et al. 2021

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Background As an invasive mosquito species in the United States, Aedes albopictus is a potential vector of arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, and may also be involved in occasional transmission of other arboviruses such as West Nile, Saint Louis encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, and La Crosse viruses. Aedes albopictus feeds on a wide variety of vertebrate hosts, wild and domestic, as well as humans. Methodology/Principal findings In order to investigate blood feeding patterns of Ae. albopictus, engorged specimens were collected from a variety of habitat types using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps, Biogents Sentinel 2 traps, and modified Reiter gravid traps in southeast Virginia. Sources of blood meals were determined by the analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences amplified in PCR assays. Our aims were to quantify degrees of Ae. albopictus interactions with vertebrate hosts as sources of blood meals, investigate arboviral infection status, assess the influence of key socioecological conditions on spatial variability in blood feeding, and investigate temporal differences in blood feeding by season. Analysis of 961 engorged specimens of Ae. albopictus sampled between 2017–2019 indicated that 96%, 4%, and less than 1% obtained blood meals from mammalian, reptilian, and avian hosts, respectively. Domestic cats were the most frequently identified (50.5%) hosts followed by Virginia opossums (17.1%), white-tailed deer (12.2%), and humans (7.3%), together representing 87.1% of all identified blood hosts. We found spatial patterns in blood feeding linked to socioecological conditions and seasonal shifts in Ae. albopictus blood feeding with implications for understanding human biting and disease risk. In Suffolk Virginia in areas of lower human development, the likelihood of human blood feeding increased as median household income increased and human blood feeding was more likely early in the season (May-June) compared to later (July-October). Screening of the head and thorax of engorged Ae. albopictus mosquitoes by cell culture and RT-PCR resulted in a single isolate of Potosi virus. Conclusion and significance Understanding mosquito-host interactions in nature is vital for evaluating vectorial capacity of mosquitoes. These interactions with competent reservoir hosts support transmission, maintenance, and amplification of zoonotic agents of human diseases. Results of our study in conjunction with abundance in urban/suburban settings, virus isolation from field-collected mosquitoes, and vector competence of Ae. albopictus, highlight the potential involvement of this species in the transmission of a number of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika to humans. Limited interaction with avian hosts suggests that Ae. albopictus is unlikely to serve as a bridge vector of arboviruses such as West Nile and eastern equine encephalitis in the study region, but that possibility cannot be entirely ruled out.

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“…canadensis reinforces findings in Ohio which showed this species to be a secondary vector of LACV, via both field isolations of the virus and vector competence studies [23]; Ae. vexans is also thought to be an accessory vector for LACV in Virginia [24]. There is also experimental evidence that Culex spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local persistence of novel regional variants of La Crosse virus in the Northeast USA

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background La Crosse virus (LACV) (genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes pediatric encephalitis and accounts for 50–150 human cases annually in the USA. Human cases occur primarily in the Midwest and Appalachian regions whereas documented human cases occur very rarely in the northeastern USA. Methods Following detection of a LACV isolate from a field-collected mosquito in Connecticut during 2005, we evaluated the prevalence of LACV infection in local mosquito populations and genetically characterized virus isolates to determine whether the virus is maintained focally in this region. Results During 2018, we detected LACV in multiple species of mosquitoes, including those not previously associated with the virus. We also evaluated the phylogenetic relationship of LACV strains isolated from 2005–2018 in Connecticut and found that they formed a genetically homogeneous clade that was most similar to strains from New York State. Conclusion Our analysis argues for local isolation and long-term persistence of a genetically distinct lineage of LACV within this region. We highlight the need to determine more about the phenotypic behavior of these isolates, and whether this virus lineage poses a threat to public health.

show abstract

Influence of Forest Disturbance on La Crosse Virus Risk in Southwestern Virginia

Cited by 13 publications

References 66 publications

Local persistence of novel regional variants of La Crosse virus in the Northeast United States

Local persistence of novel regional variants of La Crosse virus in the Northeast United States

Host interactions of Aedes albopictus, an invasive vector of arboviruses, in Virginia, USA

Local persistence of novel regional variants of La Crosse virus in the Northeast USA

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