Influence of freezing-thawing and refrigeration on R-plasmid (pRPJ24) stability in Enterobacter cloacae 94R

Jayaratne, A.H.G.P.; Collins‐Thompson, D. L.; Trevors, J. T.

doi:10.1016/0168-1605(90)90049-b

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…Although plasmids may be lost as a result of stress, loss of plasmids from Enterobacteriaceae containing resistance genes as a result of freeze-thawing was not detected in two studies that specifically addressed this issue. 11,12 In addition, Wiegand et al did perform Phoenix ESBL detection simultaneously with PCR and confirmatory testing and also found a low specificity for the Phoenix. 25 Thus, considering the low specificity of the Phoenix reported in other studies and the finding that in the majority (71%) of the ESBL PCR-negative isolates both confirmatory tests were negative, most of these ESBL PCR-negative isolates very likely represent false-positive results obtained with the Phoenix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Phenotypic Confirmation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases inEscherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae, andKlebsiella oxytocaat the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre in The Netherlands

Sturm

Bochum

Mook-Vermulst

et al. 2010

Microbial Drug Resistance

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The prevalence and molecular types of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were determined during a 1-year period in unselected clinical nonduplicate isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 1,738), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 436), and Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 208), cultured at the University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Isolates identified as ESBL producer by the Phoenix automated system were collected prospectively and subjected to molecular analysis for the most common ESBLs TEM, SHV, and CTX-M, as well as OXA and GES. Both the Etest ESBL and double-disk synergy test were performed as confirmatory tests. The estimated prevalence of ESBLs was 2.1% in E. coli, 5.2% in K. pneumoniae, and 2.4% in K. oxytoca. TEM-12 and -26, SHV-5 and -12, and CTX-M groups 1 and 9 were the most frequent ESBLs found. Isolates identified as ESBLs by the Phoenix were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in only 42%. In ESBL PCR-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae, both confirmatory tests were positive in 95% of the isolates. In 28% of the Etest and 13% of the double-disk synergy test-positive isolates, PCR could not detect any ESBL gene. In these cases, other resistance mechanisms may play a role. Confirmatory tests were unreliable for K. oxytoca. A previously described mutation in the K1 enzyme was detected in one ceftazidime-resistant K. oxytoca. The prevalence of ESBLs in The Netherlands is increasing. The predominant molecular types of ESBLs detected were comparable to other studies. Phoenix ESBL results need to be confirmed as advocated by ESBL detection guidelines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Phenotypic Confirmation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases inEscherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae, andKlebsiella oxytocaat the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre in The Netherlands

Sturm

Bochum

Mook-Vermulst

et al. 2010

Microbial Drug Resistance

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A review of the impact of food processing on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in secondary processed meats and meat products

Hutchinson¹,

Corry²,

Madden³

2020

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For meat and meat products, secondary processes are those that relate to the downstream of the primary chilling of carcasses. Secondary processes include maturation chilling, deboning, portioning, mincing and other operations such as thermal processing (cooking) that create fresh meat, meat preparations and ready-to-eat meat products. This review systematically identified and summarised information relating to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during the manufacture of secondary processed meatand meat products (SPMMP). Systematic searching of eight literature databases was undertaken and the resultantpapers were appraised for relevance to AMR and SPMMP. Consideration was made that the appraisal scores, undertaken by different reviewers, were consistent. Appraisal reduced the 11,000 initially identified documents to 74, which indicated that literature relating to AMR and SPMMP was not plentiful. A wide range of laboratory methods and breakpoint values (i.e. the concentration of antimicrobial used to assess sensitivity, tolerance or resistance) were used for the isolation of AMR bacteria.The identified papers provided evidence that AMR bacteria could be routinely isolated from SPMMP. There was no evidence that either confirmed or refuted that genetic materials capable of increasing AMR in non-AMR bacteria were present unprotected (i.e. outside of a cell or a capsid) in SPMMP. Statistical analyses were not straightforward because different authors used different laboratory methodologies.However, analyses using antibiotic organised into broadly-related groups indicated that Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to third generation cephalosporins might be an area of upcoming concern in SPMMP. The effective treatment of patients infected with Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to cephalosporins are a known clinical issue. No AMR associations with geography were observed and most of the publications identified tended to be from Europe and the far east.AMR Listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria could be tolerant to cleaning and disinfection in secondary processing environments. The basis of the tolerance could be genetic (e.g. efflux pumps) or environmental (e.g. biofilm growth). Persistent, plant resident, AMR L. monocytogenes were shown by one study to be the source of final product contamination. 4 AMR genes can be present in bacterial cultures used for the manufacture of fermented SPMMP. Furthermore, there was broad evidence that AMR loci could be transferred during meat fermentation, with refrigeration temperatures curtailing transfer rates. Given the potential for AMR transfer, it may be prudent to advise food business operators (FBOs) to use fermentation starter cultures that are AMR-free or not contained within easily mobilisable genetic elements. Thermal processing was seen to be the only secondary processing stage that served as a critical control point for numbers of AMR bacteria. There were significant linkages between some AMR genes in Salmonella. Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) resistance genes were associated with copper, tetracycline and sulphonamide resistance by virtue of co-location on the same plasmid. No evidence was found that either supported or refuted that there was any association between AMR genes and genes that encoded an altered stress response or enhanced the survival of AMR bacteria exposed to harmful environmental conditions.

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Influence of freezing-thawing and refrigeration on R-plasmid (pRPJ24) stability in Enterobacter cloacae 94R

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Phenotypic Confirmation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases inEscherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae, andKlebsiella oxytocaat the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre in The Netherlands

Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Phenotypic Confirmation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases inEscherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae, andKlebsiella oxytocaat the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre in The Netherlands

A review of the impact of food processing on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in secondary processed meats and meat products

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