Influence of Fused Deposition Molding Printing Process on the Toughness and Miscibility of Polylactic Acid/Polycaprolactone Blends

Wei, Qinghua; Sun, Daocen; Yang, Rongbin; Wang, Yanmei; Zhang, Juan; Li, Xinpei; Wang, Yanen

doi:10.1007/s11665-021-06293-z

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…When magnified to 1000×, the drawing phenomenon of PCL, indicated by the green arrows in (C), is clearly visible. This fracture characteristic with enhanced toughness demonstrates that PCL can improve the toughness of PLA 60 . On one hand, SiO 2 and PCL act as heterogeneous nucleation agents, promoting PCL crystallization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The movement and arrangement of PCL molecular chains can influence the crystallization process of PLA. 34,60 The addition of SiO 2 also increases the X c of PLA/PCL formulations at various ratios, demonstrating the nucleation effect of SiO 2 nanoparticles. However, the 6PLA/4PCL ratio is an exception.…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Dsc)mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This fracture characteristic with enhanced toughness demonstrates that PCL can improve the toughness of PLA. 60 On one hand, SiO 2 and PCL act as heterogeneous nucleation agents, promoting PCL crystallization. Simultaneously, during the extrusion and shearing process of the 3D printer nozzle, PCL molecular chains are stretched and aligned, increasing the opportunities for crystallization and facilitating the formation of fibrous crystal structures.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taguchi design and optimization of the PLA/PCL composite filament with plasticizer and compatibilizer additives for optimal 3D printing

Yao,

Zhu,

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Abstract3D printing (3DP) has brought endless possibilities to the manufacturing industry. Biodegradable high‐polymer materials such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) have attracted widespread attention. However, to optimize printing performance, this study prepared six PLA/PCL composite materials with ratios of 4:6, 5:5, and 6:4, by adding Polyethylene Glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) as a plasticizer and nano silica as a reinforcing agent. Parameters that can affect printing quality, including formulation, printing temperature (150, 170, and 190°C), filling density (305, 40%, and 50%), and printing speed (20, 30, and 40 mm/s), were examined and optimized. The optimal factor level combination determined by Taguchi fractional factorial design were silica addition 0.6 g, PLA content 60 wt%, printing temperature 190°C, infill density 50%, and printing speed 20 mm/s. The obtained minimum error value was 0.338 mm. Analysis of variance revealed the statistical significance of PLA content and printing temperature. A general linear model was established for result prediction, showing a difference of 9.25% from the actual error values. SEM results indicated poor compatibility between PLA and PCL in the melt‐blended mixture, while the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles facilitated PCL and PLA crystallization. DSC analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of PLC and SiO2 led to an increase in crystallinity, with 5PLA/5PCL/SiO2 exhibiting the highest crystallinity at 51.4%. Tensile testing results showed that the addition of 50 wt% PCL to PLA significantly improved the fracture elongation of the PLA/PCL material with a 5:5 formulation, averaging about 4 times higher than that of pure PLA, while the tensile strength decreased by 1.5 times. This study not only expands the research on PLA/PCL blends but also provides process guidance for 3D printing of the materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Dsc)mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Taguchi design and optimization of the PLA/PCL composite filament with plasticizer and compatibilizer additives for optimal 3D printing

Yao,

Zhu,

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…A versatile aliphatic polyester that is also biodegradable is polycaprolactone (PCL), which is usually obtained by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone or by polycondensation of hydroxycaproic acid . PCL is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer; it is miscible with several other polymers, − and the costs associated with its production are very low. These advantageous properties make PCL one of the most used polyesters and suitable for different fields of application, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, or as an additive for polyurethanes. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Morphology, and Crystallization Kinetics of Polyheptalactone (PHL)

Caputo,

Olmos,

et al. 2023

Biomacromolecules

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Aliphatic polyesters are widely studied due to their excellent properties and low-cost production and also because, in many cases, they are biodegradable and/or recyclable. Therefore, expanding the range of available aliphatic polyesters is highly desirable. This paper reports the synthesis, morphology, and crystallization kinetics of a scarcely studied polyester, polyheptalactone (PHL). First, we synthesized the η-heptalactone monomer by the Baeyer−Villiger oxidation of cycloheptanone before several polyheptalactones of different molecular weights (in the range between 2 and 12 kDa), and low dispersities were prepared by ringopening polymerization (ROP). The influence of molecular weight on primary nucleation rate, spherulitic growth rate, and overall crystallization rate was studied for the first time. All of these rates increased with PHL molecular weight, and they approached a plateau for the highest molecular weight samples employed here. Single crystals of PHLs were prepared for the first time, and hexagonal-shaped flat single crystals were obtained. The study of the crystallization and morphology of PHL revealed strong similarities with PCL, making PHLs very promising materials, considering their potential biodegradable character.

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“…[15][16][17] PLA and PCL is immiscible thermodynamically, but due to the advantages of the PLA/PCL blend, various aspects of it have been investigated, even have used the compatibilizers to reduce the incompatibility between PLA and PCL. 18,19 Also the biocompatibility, biodegradability and renewability of PLA/PCL blend has been made it to be popular among blends in the medical application. 20,21 The literature showed that the addition of nanoparticles to the PLA/PCL blend can completely change its properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polylactic acid/polycaprolactone bionanocomposites containing zinc oxide nanoparticles: Structure, characterization and cytotoxicity assay

Babaei

Abdolrasouli

Rostami

2022

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method followed by the fabrication of polylactic acid/polycaprolactone blend (PLA/PCL, 80/20 wt/wt) at various loadings of ZnO-NPs (2, 4, and 6 wt%) via melt mixing. FTIR and XRD patterns confirmed that the ZnO-NPs were successfully synthesized. The ZnO-NPs with an average diameter of about 46–73 nm were observed by the FESEM analysis. The effect of ZnO-NPs on morphological, thermal, UV absorption, mechanical, photochemical degradation, rheological and cell viability properties of PLA/PCL blend were investigated. FESEM micrographs of bionanocomposites demonstrated that polycaprolactone was dispersed as a droplet to the Polylactic acid matrix phase. DSC analysis showed that the addition of ZnO-NPs increased the degree of crystallinity and melting temperature of the PLA. Mechanical assessment of the bionanocomposites reveals that the addition of 2, 4 and 6 wt.% of ZnO-NPs into the blend sample leads to increase in the tensile modulus by about 5.4, 11 and 24%. The MTT assay results implied that cell viability of the both filled and unfilled samples is greater than 90% indicating their biocompatibility to the fibroblast cells. It is observed that the melt linear viscoelastic properties of the prepared bionanocomposites are under control of LA/PCL chain degradation and hydrodynamic nanoparticles interaction.

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Influence of Fused Deposition Molding Printing Process on the Toughness and Miscibility of Polylactic Acid/Polycaprolactone Blends

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Taguchi design and optimization of the PLA/PCL composite filament with plasticizer and compatibilizer additives for optimal 3D printing

Taguchi design and optimization of the PLA/PCL composite filament with plasticizer and compatibilizer additives for optimal 3D printing

Synthesis, Morphology, and Crystallization Kinetics of Polyheptalactone (PHL)

Polylactic acid/polycaprolactone bionanocomposites containing zinc oxide nanoparticles: Structure, characterization and cytotoxicity assay

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