Influence of Gender and Age on Average Dimensions of Arteries Forming the Circle of Willis Study by Magnetic Resonance Angiography on Kosovo’s Population

Shatri, Jeton; Bexheti, Dorentina; Bexheti, Sadi; Kabashi, Serbeze; Krasniqi, Shaip; Ahmetgjekaj, Ilir; Zhjeqi, Valbona

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2017.160

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our results indicate no difference between groups in ICA diameter. It is worth considering that males have larger cerebral (Müller et al, ; Shatri et al, ) and carotid arterial diameters (Krejza et al, ). Thus, we cannot discount the potential sex‐effect on vessel diameter despite matching the number of male ICA measures ( N = 3) in each group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming‐related effects on cerebrovascular and cognitive function

et al. 2019

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Both acute and regular exercise influence vascular and cognitive function. Upright aquatic exercise increases mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAvmean) and has been suggested as favorable for cerebrovascular adaptations. However, MCAvmean has not been reported during swimming. Thus, we examined the cerebrovascular and cognitive effects of swimming. Ten land‐based athletes (22 ± 5 years) and eight swimmers (19 ± 1 years) completed three cognitive tasks and four conditions that were used to independently and collectively delineate the swimming‐related factors (i.e., posture, immersion, CO2 retention [end‐tidal CO2; PETCO2], and motor involvement). Measurements of MCAvmean and PETCO2 were taken throughout each condition. Prone posture increased MCAvmean by 11% (P < 0.01 vs. upright land). Water immersion independently increased MCAvmean when upright (12%; P < 0.01) but not prone (P = 0.76). The consequent rise in PETCO2 during head‐out, breast‐stroke swimming (50% heart rate range) independently increased MCAvmean by 14% (P < 0.01), while the motor involvement of swimming per se did not significantly change MCAvmean (P = 0.32). While accounting for sex, swimmers had ~17% lower MCAvmean during all rest conditions (P ≤ 0.05). However, in a subset of participants, both groups had similar internal carotid artery diameters (P = 0.99) and velocities (P = 0.97). Water immersion per se did not alter cognition (P ≥ 0.15), but 20 min of moderate‐intensity swimming improved visuomotor performance by 4% (P = 0.03), regardless of athlete group (P = 0.12). In conclusion, breast‐stroke swimming increased MCAvmean mostly due to postural and PETCO2 effects, with minimal contributions from water immersion or motor activity. Lastly, swimming improved cognitive functioning acutely, regardless of athlete group. Future research should explore the chronic effects of swimming on cerebrovascular function and cognition, particularly in aging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming‐related effects on cerebrovascular and cognitive function

et al. 2019

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“…The proximal segment of anterior cerebral artery (A1) supplies the basal surface of the cerebral hemisphere. The diameter of A1 according to Kamath et al [10], 2.3 mm for diameter and 14.25 mm length, Iqbal et al [8] diameter 2.3 mm and length 12.4 mm, on Turkish population length of A1 is 14.4 mm [11] while diameter 1.58 mm in the right A1, 1.64 mm in the left A1 [18], in Kosovo's population the diameters of A1 was 2.09 mm while length 13.96 mm [16]. In our study the diameter of ACA was 2.05 and length 14.01 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical variations and dimensions of arteries in the anterior part of the circle of Willis

et al. 2019

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Background: The aim of this study was to investigate different anatomic variations and dimensions of anterior part of the circle of Willis (CW) and their prevalence on Kosovo's population. Materials and methods: This is an observational descriptive and retrospective study performed at the University Clinical Centre, Clinic of Radiology. The three-dimensional time-of-flight technique was used for magnetic resonance angiography imaging to evaluate the anatomy of the CW in 513 adults without clinical manifestations for cerebrovascular disease. The diameters of arteries of the CW were measured and variations were recorded. Results: The complete anterior part of CW was found in 64.3% of cases, more evident in female at about 66% than male 62.2%. Morphologic variations of the ACA1 are agenesis or hypoplasia in 5.65%, fusion of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs) on a short distance in 6.5% and fusion of the ACA on a long distance in 2.5%, median ACA is presented in 11 examined patients or 2.1%. Normal anterior communicating artery (ACoA) was seen in 68.2%, hypoplasia or absence 15.66%, double ACoA in 0.6% and fenestrations in 3.89%. The mean calibrations of the vessels were measured as 2.04 mm in right A1, 2.06 mm in left A1 and 1.16 mm of ACoA. While, 14.1 mm length of right A1, 13.87 mm of left A1 and 2.99 mm of ACoA. Conclusions: Knowledge of the variations and diameter of the anterior part of the CW has a great importance in determination of anatomical variations and diameter in general populations, also, in interventional radiology for various endovascular interventions as well as during anatomy lessons.

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“…Stroke survivors face long-term disability and cognitive deficits ( 37 ). Previous studies demonstrated that females have smaller MCA compared with males in humans ( 45 , 51 , 64 ) and in rats ( 61 ). The MCA in females has greater responses to hypercapnia, nitric oxide (NO), and flow-mediated vasodilation ( 31 , 47 , 54 , 56 ) and lower responses to angiotensin II (ANG II) as well as endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced vasoconstriction ( 1 , 62 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sex differences in the structure and function of rat middle cerebral arteries

Wang

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Using perfusion fixation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in calcium-free solution at physiological pressure and systematically randomly sampling the sections prepared from the same M2 segments of MCA, we found that there are structural differences that are associated with altered cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation but not neurovascular coupling and cognition in young, healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Understanding the intrinsic differences in cerebrovascular structure and function in males and females is essential to develop new pharmaceutical treatments for cerebrovascular disease (CVD).

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Influence of Gender and Age on Average Dimensions of Arteries Forming the Circle of Willis Study by Magnetic Resonance Angiography on Kosovo’s Population

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Swimming‐related effects on cerebrovascular and cognitive function

Swimming‐related effects on cerebrovascular and cognitive function

Anatomical variations and dimensions of arteries in the anterior part of the circle of Willis

Sex differences in the structure and function of rat middle cerebral arteries

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