Influence of gene variants related to calcium homeostasis on biochemical parameters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor (VDR), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium sensing receptor (CASR), insulin receptor (INSR), and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genes and biochemical characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods Serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone, prolactin, SHBG, glucose, IGF-1, IGFBP-1, calcium, phosphorus, PTH, 25(OH)D, and 1,25(OH) 2 D were measured in 56 women with PCOS. Furthermore, genotyping five, one, one, two, and two polymorphisms of the VDR, PTH, CASR, INSR, and ADIPOQ genes, respectively, were performed.Results The VDR TaqI "CC" genotype was associated with elevated serum levels of LH (p=0.011). There were significant associations between decreased levels of SHBG and both VDR BsmI "GG" (p=0.009) and ADIPOQ BsmI "CC" (p=0.016) genotypes. Furthermore, patients with CaSR Hin1I "TG" genotype showed higher HoMA-IR (p=0.008). All these associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction. In addition, phosphorus correlated negatively with estradiol (r=−0.298, P=0.026) and positively with glucose (r=0.287, P=0.032). Conclusions These data indicated for the first time that it is possible that the VDR and CASR gene variants through their effects on LH and SHBG levels, and insulin resistance are involved in pathogenesis of PCOS.

The role of vitamin D in metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review

“…Six genetic linkage studies examined VDR and related polymorphisms in relation to PCOS (41,42,43,44,45,46). The number of participants ranged from 56 to 690.…”

“…None of the Table 3. Five studies determined the association between VDR polymorphisms and metabolic disturbances in women with PCOS (41,42,43,45,46).…”

“…Vitamin D status and BMI Data on the association between anthropometric parameters and serum 25OHD were provided in 23 of the 29 reviewed studies (18,19,20,21,22,23,24,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,36,37,38,39,41,43,45), and nine studies reported these data also for control women (19,20,22,23,24,27,28,41,45). After regression analyses of the weighted means including a total of 2045 PCOS women and 717 control women, BMI appeared to be an independent predictor of serum 25OHD in both PCOS and control women (B 1 ZK4.5, P!0.001 and B 1 ZK8.4, P!0.001; Fig.…”

Comparison of vitamin D levels in obese and non obese patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome in a South Indian population

“…36 There are conflicting reports on the association of Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and insulin resistance in women with PCOS. 37,38 It is possible that, vitamin D Receptor (VDR) may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS by exerting their effect on luteinizing hormone, sex hormone binding globulin levels and testosterone. 38,39 Vitamin D deficiency raises Para Thyroid Hormone levels which is independently associated with PCOS, anovulatory infertility and increased androgens.…”

“…37,38 It is possible that, vitamin D Receptor (VDR) may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS by exerting their effect on luteinizing hormone, sex hormone binding globulin levels and testosterone. 38,39 Vitamin D deficiency raises Para Thyroid Hormone levels which is independently associated with PCOS, anovulatory infertility and increased androgens. 40 There is some suggestion that the combination of vitamin D deficiency, together with dietary calcium insufficiency may contribute to the menstrual abnormalities in PCOS.…”