Influence of General Mineral Condition on Collagen-Guided Alveolar Crest Augmentation

Abstract

The local regeneration of bone defects is regulated by general hormone, enzyme, ion, and vitamin levels. General diseases and dysregulation of the human mineral system can impact this process, even in alveolar crest. The aim of this study is to investigate a relation between bone density, measured in two-dimensional X-rays, and general mineral condition of patients. The study included 42 patients on whom tooth extractions were performed. Data were divided into two groups: the region where collagen scaffold (BRM) was used and the reference region of intact normal bone (REF). Two-dimensional intraoral radiographs were taken in all cases just after the surgery (00 M) and 12 months later (12 M). Thyrotropin (TSH), parathormone (PTH), Ca2+ in serum, HbA1c, vitamin 25(OH)D3, and spine densitometry were checked. Digital texture analysis in MaZda 4.6 software was done. Texture Index (TI: BRM 1.66 ± 0.34 in 00 M, 1.51 ± 0.41 in 12 M, and REF 1.72 ± 0.28) and Bone Index (BI: BRM 0.73 ± 0.17 in 00 M, 0.65 ± 0.22 41 in 12 M, and REF 0.80 ± 0.14) were calculated to evaluate bone regeneration process after 12 months of healing (TI (p < 0.05) and BI (p < 0.01) are lower in BRM 12 M than in REF). This showed a relation between BI and TSH (R2 = 26%, p < 0.05), as well as a between BI and patient age (R2 = 65%, p < 0.001), and a weak relation between TI and TSH level (R2 = 10%, p < 0.05). This study proved that a collagen scaffold can be successfully used in alveolar crest regeneration, especially in patients with a high normal level of TSH in the middle-aged population.

Bone Union Quality after Fracture Fixation of Mandibular Head with Compression Magnesium Screws

“…The Bone Index is designed to indicate sites with a physiological number and arrangement of bone trabeculae [ 52 ]. There is a low BI at post-fracture sites because islands of bone densities (those indicated by the SumOfSqr feature) are more homogeneous (compact) than cancellous bone.…”

“…The location of LngREmph high values place and DifEntr high values areas in the ROI never overlaps [ 52 ]. Next, the LngREmph strongly indicates the sites in the consolidation region where a cancellous structure in the bone is absent.…”

“…Therefore, both of these information were combined into one measure, which is the ratio of DifEntr to LngREmph (i.e., Bone Index). It is worth noting that the Bone Index is correlated to the age of the patient [ 52 ]. It should therefore monitor well the systemic influences on the bone-healing process [ 66 ].…”

“…Subsequent image texture features (difference entropy from the co-occurrence matrix, and long-run emphasis moment from the run-length matrix) in ROIs were calculated for the control bone and the post-fracture site as: where p is probability, log is common logarithm [ 49 ] and: where Nr is the number of series of pixels with density level i and length k ; Ng —number of levels for image optical density; Nr —number of pixel in series [ 50 , 51 ]. These two equations were used for the Bone Index (BI) construction [ 52 ], representing the ratio of the measure of the diversity of the structure observed in the radiograph to the measure of the presence of uniform longitudinal structures: …”

Application of Fractal Dimension and Texture Analysis to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Treatment of a Venous Lake in the Oral Mucosa Using a 980 nm Diode Laser—A Preliminary Study

“…Although DifEntr is a frequently used texture feature in medical image recognition, it did not perform well in observing the healing process of vascular lesions ( p = 0.1773). It is reasonable to assume that this was due to the structured shape of the vascular lesions and the low stochastic components in their images (low measures of chaos such as entropy in texture) [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”