Influence of glass particle size of resin cements on bonding to glass ceramic: SEM and bond strength evaluation

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of the filler particle size (micron or submicron) of experimental resin cements on the microtensile bond strength to a glass-ceramic pretreated with hydrofluoric acid (HFA) etching or alumina airborne-particle abrasion (AA). Cements were obtained from a Bis-GMA/TEGDMA mixture filled with 60 mass% micron-sized (1 ± 0.2 µm) or submicron-sized (180 ± 30 µm) Ba-Si-Al glass particles. Ceramic blocks (PM9; VITA) were treated with 10% HFA for 60 s or AA for 15 s. Silane and adhesive were applied. Ceramic blocks were bonded to resin composite blocks (Z250; 3M ESPE) using one of the cements. Bonded specimens were sectioned into beams (n = 20/group) and subjected to microtensile bond strength tests. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls' tests (5%). Failure modes were classified under magnification. Morphologies of the treated ceramic surfaces and bonded interfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The HFA-submicron group had lower bond strengths than the other groups. All AA-submicron specimens debonded prematurely. Mixed failures were predominant for HFA groups, whereas interfacial failures predominated for AA groups. SEM revealed a honeycomb-like aspect in the HFA-treated ceramic, whereas the AA-treated groups showed an irregular retentive pattern. Continuity of cement infiltration along the bonded interface was more uniform for HFA-treated compared to AA-treated specimens. Cracks toward the bulk of the ceramic were observed in AA-treated specimens. Particle size significantly influenced the ceramic bond strength, whereas surface treatment had a minor effect.

Shear bond strength of ceramic brackets after different pre-treatments in porcelain surface

“…However, when it was combined with silane agent, the bond strength increased significantly (G3 -17.49 MPa and G4-19.54 MPa), corroborating previous findings 12,15 . The increase in bond strength could be due to silane capacity of increasing the energy on the substrate surface, optimizing resin penetration in the created microregions 5,12 .…”

“…As regards ceramics, due to their different compositions, diverse methods have been developed for the treatment of their surfaces [10][11] . Different pretreatment methods have been proposed for substrates that will receive orthodontic brackets, as polishing with sandpapers 2,12 , creation of irregularities with diamond burs 2,6 , laser 13 , hydrofluoric acid etching 3,5,12 , aluminum oxide blasting [2][3]6 , phosphoric acid etching 5,13 , maleic acid etching 13 , acidulated phosphate fluoride application 2,12 , silane agent application 2,[4][5]12 , and lastly, the combination of one of the above-mentioned treatments with or without silane Table 1. Table 1.…”

Inorganic filler content of resin-based luting agents and the color of ceramic veneers

“…One disc for each group (6 mm × 2 mm) was prepared to evaluate the surface morphology of all luting agents. 40 The specimens were embedded in epoxy resin (Redelease, São Paulo, SP, Brazil), ultrasonically cleaned with distilled water for 30 min, dried at 37°C, and polished using 600, 1200, 2000, and 2500-grit SiC abrasive papers, followed by diamond suspensions (Polycrystalline Diamond Suspension, Buehler, Uzwil, Switzerland) of 3 and 1 µm. After that they were cleaned, dried, sputter-coated with gold-palladium, and examined using SEM (SSX-550, Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan).…”

Microtensile bond strength of a newly developed resin cement to dentin

“…All three resin cements employed in the present study contain primer. The bond strength of primer of resin cements could be affected by various factors such as monomer system, filler contents, effectiveness of polymerization initiator and acidic environment 22,23) . Regarding to ECD, the primer contains multifunctional monomers, 3D SR and Bis-GMA which could reinforce polymer structure.…”