Influence of Granulating Method on Physical and Mechanical Properties, Compression Behavior, and Compactibility of Lactose and Microcrystalline Cellulose Granules

A Formulation Strategy for Solving the Overgranulation Problem in High Shear Wet Granulation

“…For granules prepared by HSWG, their structure, properties, and tableting performance depend on both powder composition, that is, formulation variables, and process parameters, such as massing time . Properties that favor superior tableting performance include high‐intragranular porosity, and low‐granule mechanical strength . These properties affect the degree of plastic deformation or fragmentation during compaction and, therefore, bonding area after compression.…”

A compressibility and compactibility study of real tableting mixtures: The impact of wet and dry granulation versus a direct tableting mixture

“…The hysteresis between the compression (W in ) and decompression (W out ) energy represents irreversible energy (W net = net energy, sometimes also termed effective work), which is not returned in the decompression stage. This energy can be related to processes that affect the compressibility of the material such as plastic deformation or fragmentation (Antikainen and Yliruusi, 2003;Horisawa et al, 2000;Ragnarsson, 1996). Specific net energy is reported as net energy divided by the average mass of a tablet (W net in J/g).…”

“…There are many studies on the compression behavior of individual excipients and simple binary mixtures (Fichtner et al, 2007;Paronen, 1986;Patel et al, 2007Patel et al, , 2010Roberts and Rowe, 1987;Sonnergaard, 1999Sonnergaard, , 2000Yap et al, 2008) and the influence of preparation processes such as granulation on their compaction (Bacher et al, 2007(Bacher et al, , 2008Freitag and Kleinebudde, 2003;Horisawa et al, 2000). According to the studies (Bacher et al, 2008) wet processed granules showed in general better compression properties.…”

The Granule Porosity Controls the Loss of Compactibility for Both Dry- and Wet-Processed Cellulose Granules but at Different Rate

“…Spherical granules (pellets) formed from MCC by a wet granulation procedure have previously been described as ductile and shown to predominately deform during compression with limited cracking and fragmentation . A tablet formed from predominantly deforming granules can be described as a cluster of deformed granules forced into close proximity to each other and intercalated by fragments of granules or primary particles formed by fracturing and attrition.…”