Influence of Grapevine Leafroll-associated Virus-3 in Mature Plants of Vitis vinifera L. cv Albariño on 110R and 196.17C Rootstocks

Abstract

The detrimental effects of grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) have been documented mainly in young plantsand little data is available on infected grapevines when they reach maturity. This study examined theinfluence of the rootstock on the effect of GLRaV-3 in a 20-year-old Vitis vinifera cv Albariño vineyard inwhich the virus has been spread by Planococcus ficus. Plants grafted on Richter 110 or Castell 196.17 withsimilar development were analysed for grapevine leafroll-associated viruses. In particular, 25 GLRaV-3-infected and 25 leafroll-free and asymptomatic vines were selected and monitored during a period of threeyears to determine grape yield and must components. Although the virus infection affected plants on bothrootstocks, it caused a greater effect on plants grafted onto 110R, with average accumulated yield losses ofup to 33%, relative to losses of 16% for plants on 196.17C. The sugar content was lower in the must frominfected plants on 110R (-2.1ºBrix) than in the must from plants on 196.17C (-1.5ºBrix). The presence ofthe virus was associated with decreased concentrations of primary amino nitrogen (PAN) and ammonium(NH4+), with the greatest effect for 110R (-35%). As 110R is the most used rootstock in Spain, particularcare must be taken to prevent the transmission of GLRaV-3 to certified virus-free plants on 110R in newvineyards. In sensitive varieties such as Albariño, particularly in areas with an active spread of the virusby mealybugs, grafting on 196.17C seems to minimise the effect that GLD has in a medium to long term.

Nuances of Responses to Two Sources of Grapevine Leafroll Disease on Pinot Noir Grown in the Field for 17 Years

“…Although most of the physiological data were obtained from the rootstock 5BB, vigor and mortality were measured on 3309C and showed an increased disease severity. The rootstock influence on symptoms severity is well documented [38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Our data confirmed previous research showing that Pinot noir on 5BB rootstock could be more vigorous than on 3309C in some conditions [45].…”

“…The impact on plant vigor is probably only visible several years after infection due to a slow depletion of reserve due to lower AN. The effects on yield and sugar accumulation are measurable earlier, as demonstrated by Cabaleiro who compared infected and non-infected vines with similar vigor [38]. Overall, our data suggest that the inoculum selected 17 years ago for this project is showing a gradient response to viral infections from the symptomless group to GLD_S+ and GLD_S++.…”

Investigating Grapevine Red Blotch Virus Infection in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes: A Multi-Omics Approach

“…In addition, there were fewer significant DE genes for 420A than 110R in both seasons ( Figure 3 ). Rootstock susceptibility to viral infection is an ongoing research topic [ 19 , 32 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], with variable conclusions. One study determined that grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 caused greater impacts on the rootstock 110R compared to 196.17C when grafted onto Albariño grapevines [ 43 ], which is similar to the current study.…”

“…Rootstock susceptibility to viral infection is an ongoing research topic [ 19 , 32 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], with variable conclusions. One study determined that grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 caused greater impacts on the rootstock 110R compared to 196.17C when grafted onto Albariño grapevines [ 43 ], which is similar to the current study. On the other hand, Vondras et al [ 32 ] found that Kober 5BB ( V. berlandieri × V. riparia , similar to 420A) was more impacted than MGT 101- 14 during the infection of multiple grapevine leafroll-associated viruses.…”

Assessment of Symptoms of Grapevine Leafroll Disease and Relationship with Yield and Quality of Pinot Noir Grape Must in a 10-Year Study Period

“…As with many other viral diseases, the expression of the GLD symptoms has been associated with different factors, many of which are not related to the virus itself but to the location, environmental conditions, age, canopy management, cultivar and rootstock [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. In a cool climate in New Zealand, leafroll symptoms could not be used as the only justification for roguing GLD infected plants in young vineyards with Sauvignon blanc and Pinot gris vine plants, but it was possible to do so with Merlot and Pinot noir vine plants [13].…”