Influence of Gravel on the Accumulationof Pedogenic Gypsum in Kuwait

Verboom, Bill; Grealish, Gerard; Schoknecht, N.; Omar, Samira A. S.

doi:10.1080/15324980301591

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Herrero et al (1992) mentioned that concepts of illuviation and enrichment do not apply, or are mute questions, in environments with ubiquitous gypsum and/or soil moisture regimes in which evapotranspiration is higher than mean annual precipitation. Verboom et al (2003) discussed the presence of "illuvial gypsum" in Gypsids and Psamments in Kuwait, although movement in suspension is not discussed. Nevertheless, the question still remains without documentation for or against illuviated gypsum.…”

Section: Primary Factors In Formation Of Gypsum Soilsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…More advanced stages of gypsum accumulation include "gritty" and "powdery" forms (corresponding to "sugar" and "flour-like" gypsum, respectively) ( Figure 4). Fibrous gypsum pendants have been described on the underside of alluvial gravels in Kuwait (Verboom et al, 2003) and limestone pebbles in Wyoming (Allen, 1985). One question that relates to this discussion is whether pedogenic gypsum horizons have morphologies that depend on texture of the parent material, soil age, and geomorphic history of the soil landscape in a manner similar to pedogenic calcium carbonate as presented in Gile et al (1966).…”

Section: Stages Of Pedogenic Gypsum Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Gypsum Soils—Their Morphology, Classification, Function, and Landscapes

Casby-Horton¹,

Herrero²,

Rolong³

2015

Advances in Agronomy

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Section: Primary Factors In Formation Of Gypsum Soilsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Stages Of Pedogenic Gypsum Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gypsum Soils—Their Morphology, Classification, Function, and Landscapes

Casby-Horton¹,

Herrero²,

Rolong³

2015

Advances in Agronomy

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“…The petrographic investigations prove that the basic mechanism responsible for volume increase in the zone of weathering anhydrites is the displacive growth of gypsum. This mineral commonly grows in a displacive way (e.g., [123][124][125][126][127]). Clear gypsum crystals grown within clays were indicated as the best evidence and, simultaneously, the proof of the displacive mineral growth by early petrologists [65] and many examples of such gypsum crystals were described.…”

Section: Conditions Of the Expansive Gypsification At Dingwallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrographic Record and Conditions of Expansive Hydration of Anhydrite in the Recent Weathering Zone at the Abandoned Dingwall Gypsum Quarry, Nova Scotia, Canada

et al. 2021

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In the Dingwall gypsum quarry in Nova Scotia, Canada, operating in 1933–1955, the bedrock anhydrite deposits of the Carboniferous Windsor Group have been uncovered from beneath the secondary gypsum beds of the extracted raw material. The anhydrite has been subjected to weathering undergoing hydration (gypsification), transforming into secondary gypsum due to contact with water of meteoric derivation. The ongoing gypsification is associated with a volume increase and deformation of the quarry bottom. The surface layer of the rocks is locally split from the substrate and raised, forming spectacular hydration relief. It shows numerous domes, ridges and tepee structures with empty internal chambers, some of which represent unique hydration caves (swelling caves, Quellungshöhlen). The petrographic structure of the weathering zone has been revealed by macro- and microscopic observations. It was recognized that gypsification commonly starts from a developing network of tiny fractures penetrating massive anhydrite. The gypsification advances from the fractures towards the interior of the anhydrite rocks, which are subdivided into blocks or nodules similar to corestones. Characteristic zones can be recognized at the contact of the anhydrite and the secondary gypsum: (1) massive and/or microporous anhydrite, (2) anhydrite penetrated by tiny gypsum veinlets separating the disturbed crystals and their fragments (commonly along cleavage planes), (3) gypsum with scattered anhydrite relics, and (4) secondary gypsum. The secondary gypsum crystals grow both by replacement and displacement, and also as cement. Displacive growth, evidenced by abundant deformation of the fragmented anhydrite crystals, is the direct cause of the volume increase. Crystallization pressure exerted by gypsum growth is thought to be the main factor generating volume increase and, consequently, also the formation of new fractures allowing water access to “fresh” massive anhydrite and thus accelerating its further hydration. The expansive hydration is taking place within temperature range from 0 to ~30 °C in which the solubility of gypsum is lower than that of anhydrite. In such conditions, dissolving anhydrite yields a solution supersaturated with gypsum and the dissolution of anhydrite is simultaneous with in situ replacive gypsum crystallization. Accompanying displacive growth leads to volume increase in the poorly confined environment of the weathering zone that is susceptible to upward expansion.

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