Influence of gravity and pressure on pool fire-type diffusion flames

An Investigation on Flame Shape and Size for a High-Pressure Turbulent Non-Premixed Swirl Combustion

“…It could be associated with the declined axial diffusion, and enhanced radial diffusion of the fuel at higher P. The measured flame length diminished with the increment of P at a fixedṁ F , as displayed in Figure 11. This trend was also found in [29], where it was pointed out that L f is proportional to P −2/3 , i.e., Equation (12), obtained by introducing the perfect gas state relation Equation (13) in Equation (14).…”

Burning characteristics of candle flames in sub-atmospheric pressures: An experimental study and scaling analysis

“…For a longer wick, liquid fuel on the wick can be vaporized from a larger heated area (length), which results in higher burning rate and hence the flame height. The pressure dependence of the flame heights found here is quite different from those of turbulent diffusion flames of hydrocarbon liquid fuel pool fire and gaseous jets, whose flame heights both showed to be increased as the ambient pressure is reduced [9,10]. Note that the height of diffusion flame is determined by coupling effects of fuel supply rate and air (oxidizer)…”

“…Here, the temperature difference between flame and ambient air T is taken as constant (878 K) [7,10]. As P , it becomes:…”

“…Recently, several experiments [9][10][11] were carried out for turbulent diffusion flames produced by hydrocarbon liquid pool fire and gaseous fuel jet flames in a sub-atmospheric atmosphere in Lhasa, Tibet (atmospheric pressure of 64 kPa). The results revealed that combustion behaviors, including flame shape and radiation [9,10] and burning rate [11], differ appreciably for these turbulent flames from those at the standard atmospheric pressure. However, there is still no study on combustion characteristics of candle flames in sub-atmospheric pressures.…”

A mathematical model for flame volume estimation based on flame height of turbulent gaseous fuel jet

“…It is pointed out that the flame characteristics can be affected by the atmosphere pressure [24,[32][33][34][35]. The flame height changes with ambient pressure [32], and the flame width is also influenced by the ambient pressure [24]. The relationship between flame volume and heat release rate in sub-pressure atmosphere is also studied [33].…”