Influence of heating conditions and initial thickness on the effectiveness of thin intumescent coatings

Lucherini, Andrea; Hidalgo, Juan P.; Torero, José L.; Maluk, Cristián

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103078

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To make a compound resistant to flame it is necessary to understand in detail the mechanism of combustion, which occurs when, by supplying heat to a substance (solid or liquid), the energy required for evaporation or pyrolysis is reached and this, in the gas phase, combining with oxygen, it creates exothermic reactions that allow the maintenance of combustion itself [ 109 ]. There are essentially three ways to avoid this [ 110 ]: use of additives that release radicals [ 111 ]; use of substances which give such endothermic reactions as to subtract all the heat necessary for the propagation of the reaction [ 112 , 113 ]; intumescent substances (i.e., substances which after combustion form a protective solid layer, mostly carbonaceous, which prevents the exchange of energy and matter between the condensed phase and the gas phase) [ 114 , 115 ]. …”

Section: Flame-retardant Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanostructured Surface Finishing and Coatings: Functional Properties and Applications

et al. 2021

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This review presents current literature on different nanocomposite coatings and surface finishing for textiles, and in particular this study has focused on smart materials, drug-delivery systems, industrial, antifouling and nano/ultrafiltration membrane coatings. Each of these nanostructured coatings shows interesting properties for different fields of application. In this review, particular attention is paid to the synthesis and the consequent physico-chemical characteristics of each coating and, therefore, to the different parameters that influence the substrate deposition process. Several techniques used in the characterization of these surface finishing coatings were also described. In this review the sol–gel method for preparing stimuli-responsive coatings as smart sensor materials is described; polymers and nanoparticles sensitive to pH, temperature, phase, light and biomolecules are also treated; nanomaterials based on phosphorus, borates, hydroxy carbonates and silicones are used and described as flame-retardant coatings; organic/inorganic hybrid sol–gel coatings for industrial applications are illustrated; carbon nanotubes, metallic oxides and polymers are employed for nano/ultrafiltration membranes and antifouling coatings. Research institutes and industries have collaborated in the advancement of nanotechnology by optimizing conversion processes of conventional materials into coatings with new functionalities for intelligent applications.

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Section: Flame-retardant Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…intumescent substances (i.e., substances which after combustion form a protective solid layer, mostly carbonaceous, which prevents the exchange of energy and matter between the condensed phase and the gas phase) [ 114 , 115 ].…”

Section: Flame-retardant Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Surface Finishing and Coatings: Functional Properties and Applications

et al. 2021

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“…Inducing System (H-TRIS), a vertically oriented and propane or natural-gas fired radiant panel that is mounted on a linear motion system [79,[84][85][86] (Fig. 6c).…”

Section: Examples Of Radiative Heater Setupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heat flux emitted from the cone heater was also varied to investigate the effect of heating rate on the effective thermal conductivity of the chars. Bozzoli et al [113] and Lucherini et al [85] also measured the internal char temperature with initially protruding thermocouples and used a radiative heater as heat source. Bozzoli et al [113] additionally calculated the apparent thermal conductivity from the experimental results based on model fitting and finite element modelling [113].…”

Section: Internal Char Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of heat exposure equipment and in-situ characterisation techniques for intumescent coatings

Dreyer

Weinell

Dam‐Johansen

et al. 2021

Fire Safety Journal

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“…33,34 One of them is the H-TRIS, a radiative heater panel that can be moved during the experiment to expose the coatings to the desired temporal incident heat flux profiles. 9,35,36 However, heat loss from the sample surface (radiative and convective) are typically not known, radiative heaters are usually not powerful enough to follow conditions described in the fire safety standards (especially for prolonged experiments or simulated hydrocarbon fires), and experiments are conducted in air while fire standards require hydrocarbon fired furnaces with associated reduced oxygen conditions. Comparisons between a modified cone calorimeter and oil fired furnace for testing intumescent coatings illustrated the limitations of radiative heaters, such as the absence of the high-temperature reactions, differences in heating rates, and lower char surface and steel temperatures.…”

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confidence: 99%

The CoaST‐Fire: A novel methodology to rapidly expose materials to various fire curves

et al. 2022

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A new method for testing materials under simulated fire conditions is introduced.The fundamentally new approach relies on the movement of the sample through zones with a spatially increasing temperature. Adjusting the velocity profile with which the sample is moved makes it possible to expose it to practically any temperature-time curve defined in fire safety standards, from extremely rapid hydrocarbon to more gradual cellulosic fire conditions. This manuscript presents a prototype named CoaST-Fire that capitalises on this concept by combining a vertical tube furnace with a vertical motion system. The methodology to calibrate the furnace temperature profile, as well as to calculate the velocity profiles are discussed. The velocity profiles are then used to replicate a range of temperature-time curves with exceptional accuracy and reproducibility. A numerical model is developed in COMSOL Multiphysics to study heat fluxes towards the steel substrate as a function of time and thermal insulation. Finally, proof-of-concept experiments with two commercial intumescent coatings are presented. The experiments are shown to be highly repeatable while images of the coatings during the experiments can provide additional insights into the occurring reaction steps. Furthermore, CoaST-Fire makes it possible to conduct experiments under various O 2 concentrations and could later be extended with a gas outlet analysis system. The study is in line with recent efforts to develop cheaper and more rapid testing methods for early research and development of intumescent coatings and the setup could potentially also be used to test other types of materials.

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Influence of heating conditions and initial thickness on the effectiveness of thin intumescent coatings

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Nanostructured Surface Finishing and Coatings: Functional Properties and Applications

Nanostructured Surface Finishing and Coatings: Functional Properties and Applications

Review of heat exposure equipment and in-situ characterisation techniques for intumescent coatings

The CoaST‐Fire: A novel methodology to rapidly expose materials to various fire curves

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