Influence of High and Low Autonomy-Supportive Climates on Physical Activity in Children with and without Developmental Disability

The effect of a European-based exercise program upon the health-related physical fitness of individuals with intellectual disabilities: The alive and kicking perspective

“…A power analysis was initially conducted to consider the appropriate sample size to detect signi icant differences. The effect size of Johnson, et al [36], was used for that purpose (d = 0.87), since it was considered 'the irst to quantitatively assess the ef icacy of a fully-inclusive autonomy-supportive climate on physical activity levels' (p = 0.428) for individuals with and without developmental disabilities. According to Grimm, et al [69], with an alpha level of 0.05, power of 0.80 and the criteria of Cohen, et al [68], (large effect size > 0.80), a minimum of 34 participants were required to detect signi icance [69].…”

“…They observed the training, provided their district guidance and kept a brief diary throughout. The planning was based on the guidelines provided in the preparatory phase and from scholars [36,39] who reported that the autonomy -supportive environments, based on mastery and collaboration, may enhance the physical activity levels of the individuals with ID involved. At the end of each session, the teams gathered their equipment and returned to the bus.…”

“…Researchers have used the SDT as a general framework to design and implement exercise and PA programs for individuals mainly without ID [27][28][29][30][31][32]. Recently, the research effort shifted towards individuals with ID [33][34][35][36][37][38] with promising results, albeit limited in scope. Further, the review studies retrieved [4,11,39,40] did not speci ically examine the intermediate effect of the SDT interventions towards the engagement in exercise and PA for individuals with ID.…”

“…Bodde, et al [33], examined the effect of a health education program and found improvement upon nutritional knowledge and overall involvement in PA in a sample of adults with mildmoderate ID [33]. Johnson, et al [36], examined the effect of two different autonomy supported climate conditions (high vs. low autonomy), upon the PA involvement of individuals with and without developmental and intellectual disabilities. The researchers found that all participants involved spent increased time in PA during the high autonomy supported climate in class [36].…”

“…Johnson, et al [36], examined the effect of two different autonomy supported climate conditions (high vs. low autonomy), upon the PA involvement of individuals with and without developmental and intellectual disabilities. The researchers found that all participants involved spent increased time in PA during the high autonomy supported climate in class [36]. Di Lorito, et al [34], developed a 12-month intervention protocol, with an activity behavior change approach assimilating the elements of the SDT, in a sample of patients with early dementia and mild cognitive impairment.…”