Influence of High-Temperature and Intense Light on the Enzymatic Antioxidant System in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Plantlets

Abstract

Environmental stressors such as high temperature and intense light have been shown to have negative effects on plant growth and productivity. To survive in such conditions, plants activate several stress response mechanisms. The synergistic effect of high-temperature and intense light stress has a significant impact on ginger, leading to reduced ginger production. Nevertheless, how ginger responds to this type of stress is not yet fully understood. In this study, we examined the phenotypic changes, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and the response of four vital enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipoxygenase (LOX), and nitrate reductase (NR)) in ginger plants subjected to high-temperature and intense light stress. The findings of this study indicate that ginger is vulnerable to high temperature and intense light stress. This is evident from the noticeable curling, yellowing, and wilting of ginger leaves, as well as a decrease in chlorophyll index and an increase in MDA content. Our investigation confirms that ginger plants activate multiple stress response pathways, including the SOD and CAT antioxidant defenses, and adjust their response over time by switching to different pathways. Additionally, we observe that the expression levels of genes involved in different stress response pathways, such as SOD, CAT, LOX, and NR, are differently regulated under stress conditions. These findings offer avenues to explore the stress mechanisms of ginger in response to high temperature and intense light. They also provide interesting information for the choice of genetic material to use in breeding programs for obtaining ginger genotypes capable of withstanding high temperatures and intense light stress.

The Promising B−Type Response Regulator hst1 Gene Provides Multiple High Temperature and Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice

“…The hst1 gene promoted an antioxidant system in previous studies under salt stress and high−temperature stress conditions [35,37,49]. It demonstrated that increased PRO antioxidant enzyme activity may minimize ROS production under multiple HT+DS conditions [54,56]. The higher PRO and antioxidant production can be related to the regulatory mechanism of the hst1 gene, which regularly controls the cytokinin signal mechanism in the cell [57][58][59].…”

Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals mechanism of light intensity modulating iridoid biosynthesis in Gentiana macrophylla Pall.

“…Among the ecological factors, light is considered to be essential. LED light sources of different intensities have been found to have distinct effects on the plant growth [ 36 , 37 ], the protective enzyme system [ 38 ], the photosynthesis [ 19 ], and the accumulation of secondary metabolites [ 19 , 39 , 40 ]. Photosynthesis plays a vital role in the oxidative respiratory chain as the primary driving force to initiate changes during plant growth and development.…”

Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals mechanism of light intensity modulating iridoids biosynthesis in Gentiana macrophylla Pall.

“…Among the ecological factors, light is considered to be essential. LED light sources of different intensities have been found to have distinct effects on the plant growth (Proietti, et al 2023;Shang, et al 2023), the protective enzyme system (Gong, et al 2023), the photosynthesis (Yoon, et al 2023), and the accumulation of secondary metabolites (Barh, et al 2022;Yoon, et al 2023). Photosynthesis plays a vital role in oxidation respiratory chain, as the primary driving force to initiate alteration during the growth and development of plants.…”