Influence of household demographic and socio-economic factors on water demand in Ngamiland District, Botswana

Motho, Manga; Kolawole, Oluwatoyin Dare; Motsholapheko, Moseki R.; Mogomotsi, Patricia K.

doi:10.1080/23570008.2022.2048581

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Households with no children who had defaulted care or dropped out of the parent study were excluded. Households with children were preferenrially selected becasue they are more likely to be more food- and water-insecure without Children [ 28 ], The sub-study was cinducted in February and March 2018. More than a year (18 months) after particiants were enrolled in the parent study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of an agricultural intervention on social capital and water insecurity coping strategies: Qualitative evidence from female smallholder farmers living with HIV in western Kenya

Owuor,

Miller,

Kanugula

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of an agricultural intervention on social capital and water insecurity coping strategies: Qualitative evidence from female smallholder farmers living with HIV in western Kenya

Owuor,

Miller,

Kanugula

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…Numerous efforts in this regard aim to ensure the availability of water for various household uses. The significance of water for households cannot be overstated in sustaining human livelihoods, being essential for drinking, cooking, bathing, washing, laundry, lawn watering, among others (Ogunbode and Ifasbiyi 2014, Victor et al 2019, Manga et al 2022. Unfortunately, this finite resource faces threats from human-induced environmental challenges and emerging global uses, such as combating the spread of the COVID-19 virus (Ogunbode et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, it is crucial to acknowledge that residential water consumption is dynamic, subject to the sway of socio-demographic, economic, and natural/environmental factors. Numerous variables shape water use patterns within households, such as household income, family size, and gender composition, as highlighted in studies by Jain et al (2014), Yu et al (2015), Ramsey et al (2017), and Motho et al (2022). These socio-demographic considerations emphasize the intricate interplay of diverse elements influencing water utilization at the domestic level (Shan et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating domestic water usage in a tropical environment: exploring socio-demographic perspectives

Ogunbode,

Odusina,

Oyebamiji

et al. 2024

Environ. Res. Commun.

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All-inclusive understanding of various factors which exert influence on household water demand in space and time is a prerequisite for its result-oriented water management. This research was carried out to evaluate the strength of ten (10) socio-demographic variables in predicting household water demand in Iwo. Two hundred and twenty-five households were selected using simple randomization for the purpose of the survey out of which 196 were completed and retrieved. Both descriptive and multivariate analysis were used in the analysis. Descriptive analysis showed that female gender dominated the survey with 78.57% while 69.90% were of post-primary education level. 77.55% of the households surveyed had maximum of 5 members in them. Factor analysis (FA) extracted 4 variables viz; (i) housing characteristics; (ii) marital status; (iii) income level; and (iv) gender distribution in that order. The four variables explained 68.608% of the variance in water demand at household level in Iwo. The results of regression analysis (RA) revealed that three of the 10 parameters were significant predictors (p<0.005) of domestic water demand namely; (i) gender distribution; (ii) household size; and (iii) marital status with R2 of 0.510 and standard error of +51.63. The implication of both FA and RA results is that marital status and gender distribution at household level are significant influencers of water use in Iwo homes, and so, should be considered in water supply planning exercise. Further investigation on household water use should consider other variables which influence household water demand other than household socio-demographic factors.

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“…Considering the low rainfall and high rainfall variability, water management is important for the optimal use of the available water resources [13] and for meeting the growing water demand in Botswana attributed to population growth [13][14][15]. The population in Botswana has increased from 650,832 in 1968 to nearly 2.4 million in 2021 at an annual growth rate of 1.94% [16,17]. Botswana has nine surface water-sourced dams, namely the Gaborone, Bokaa, Nnywane, Letsibogo, Ntimbale, Shashe, Lotsane, Dikgathong and Thune dams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Use and Land Cover Change Modulates Hydrological Flows and Water Supply to Gaborone Dam Catchment, Botswana

Arsiso,

Mengistu Tsidu

2023

Water

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Identifying the mechanism through which changes in land use and land cover (LULC) modulate hydrological flows is vital for water resource planning and management. To examine the impact of LULC change on the hydrology of the Gaborone Dam catchment within the upper Limpopo basin, where Notwane river is the major river within the catchment, three LULC maps for the years 1997, 2008, and 2017 were established based on a mosaic of Landsat 5 for 1997 and 2008 and Landsat 8 for 2017. The 10 m-resolution Version 200 ESA World Land Cover Map for 2021 is used as a ground truth to train the random forest (RF) classifier to identify land cover classes from Landsat 8 imageries of 2021 using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) Python API. The overall accuracy/kappa coefficient of the RF classifier is 0.99/0.99 for the training and 0.73/0.68 for the validation data sets, which indicate excellent and substantial agreements with the ground truth, respectively. With this confidence in the LULC classification, the impact of LULC change on the hydrological flow within the catchment was estimated by employing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and indicator of hydrological alteration (IHA). The SWAT model calibration and validation were first performed, and the ability of the model to capture the observed stream flow was found to be good. The LULC maps from Landsat images during the 1997–2017 period show a decrease in forests and shrubland in contrast to an increase in pasture land. The expansion of pasture and cropland and the reduction in forests and shrubland led to a decline in the amount of evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge. Furthermore, the LULC change also caused a reduction in low flow during dry periods and an increase in high flow during the rainy season. The findings clearly demonstrate that LULC changes can affect the water table by altering soil water recharge capacity. The study highlighted the importance of LULC for catchment water resource management through land use planning to regulate the water level in the Gaborone Dam against the impact of climate change and growing water demands by the city of Gaborone due to population growth.

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Influence of household demographic and socio-economic factors on water demand in Ngamiland District, Botswana

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

The influence of an agricultural intervention on social capital and water insecurity coping strategies: Qualitative evidence from female smallholder farmers living with HIV in western Kenya

The influence of an agricultural intervention on social capital and water insecurity coping strategies: Qualitative evidence from female smallholder farmers living with HIV in western Kenya

Estimating domestic water usage in a tropical environment: exploring socio-demographic perspectives

Land Use and Land Cover Change Modulates Hydrological Flows and Water Supply to Gaborone Dam Catchment, Botswana

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