Influence of human activities on the activity patterns of Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Central Japan

Doormaal, Nick van; Ohashi, Haruka; Koike, Shinsuke; Kaji, Koichi

doi:10.1007/s10344-015-0922-8

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…An offset of the model was defined as the number of each camera‐days × given time period in hours, and it was included in all modelling. The camera trap identity was considered a random effect in our model to distinguish between the effects of non‐independent variables, such as environmental alteration and spatial arrangement (van Doormaal et al ., ). The interactions between the time period and main prey species availability and human disturbances (human activity and grazing) were included in our model as fixed explanatory effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica)?

et al. 2018

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The daily activities of animals are influenced by various factors, including their physiological adaptations and preferred habitat distributions, as well as prey availability and human disturbances. For felids, the main drivers of activity patterns appear to be prey availability and anthropogenic disturbances, as suggested by previous studies. In this study, we explore a set of variables that influence the activity patterns of Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in Jilin and Heilongjiang Provinces in north‐east China near south‐western Primorsky Krai, Russia. This area is currently the only occupied tiger habitat in China. Prey availability (e.g. wild boar, sika deer and roe deer), human disturbances (e.g. human activity, distance to human settlements and intense forest livestock grazing), and habitat structure were analysed. Our results revealed crepuscular and nocturnal activity of Amur tigers. Although the temporal overlaps between the tigers and their prey species were high, the spatial overlap indices were low. Although the presence of tigers decreased near human settlements, tigers showed a preference for walking along roads. Tigers also avoided high‐elevation coniferous and mixed hardwood forests. Overall, our results indicated that (1) tigers spatially and temporally avoided human disturbances and tigers respond behaviourally to human disturbances and (2) human disturbances may determine the activity of Amur tigers in north‐east China. In the future, to address conflicts between tigers and local humans and to improve tiger conservation, conservation planning should incorporate the spatio‐temporal activity patterns of tigers and humans.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica)?

et al. 2018

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“…DNA‐based tools can be used to infer diet composition as the DNA for many indiscernible ingested items such as eggs, animals, and plants is often still present (Schley & Roper, ; Valentini et al., ). High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) allows for the parallel sequencing of target amplicons across many samples and makes the comparative analyses of diets from multiple fecal samples increasingly tractable, particularly for fauna with complex behaviors (van Doormaal, Ohashi, Koike, & Kaji, ; Marini, Franzetti, Calabrese, Cappellini, & Focardi, ; Podgórski et al., ) or omnivorous feeding habits (De Barba et al., ). These features combined with the ever‐increasing size of DNA sequence reference databases improve the ability to detect rare or seasonal food items that might otherwise be missed (De Barba et al., ; Valentini et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the utility of metabarcoding for diet analyses of the omnivorous wild pig (Sus scrofa)

Robeson

Khanipov

Golovko

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are an invasive species descended from both domestic swine and Eurasian wild boar that was introduced to North America during the early 1500s. Wild pigs have since become the most abundant free‐ranging exotic ungulate in the United States. Large and ever‐increasing populations of wild pigs negatively impact agriculture, sport hunting, and native ecosystems with costs estimated to exceed $1.5 billion/year within the United States. Wild pigs are recognized as generalist feeders, able to exploit a broad array of locally available food resources, yet their feeding behaviors remain poorly understood as partially digested material is often unidentifiable through traditional stomach content analyses. To overcome the limitation of stomach content analyses, we developed a DNA sequencing‐based protocol to describe the plant and animal diet composition of wild pigs. Additionally, we developed and evaluated blocking primers to reduce the amplification and sequencing of host DNA, thus providing greater returns of sequences from diet items. We demonstrate that the use of blocking primers produces significantly more sequencing reads per sample from diet items, which increases the robustness of ascertaining animal diet composition with molecular tools. Further, we show that the overall plant and animal diet composition is significantly different between the three areas sampled, demonstrating this approach is suitable for describing differences in diet composition among the locations.

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“…Increased hunting pressure is characteristic of degraded landscapes (Brodie et al, ; Peres, ) as there is greater accessibility for commercial and subsistence hunters, and the need to control crop pests (Bennett, Nyaoi, & Sompud, ; Luskin, Christina, Kelley, & Potts, ). This may lead animals to reduce their overall activity levels and bear the associated fitness costs (van Doormaal, Ohashi, Koike, & Kaji, ; Downes, ) or concentrate their activity at times of lower risk (Suselbeek et al, ). Temporal plasticity in response to human encroachment, typically in the form of increased nocturnality, has been well documented in medium to large mammals (Di Bitetti, Paviolo, Ferrari, De Angelo, & Di Blanco, ; Gaynor, Hojnowski, Carter, & Brashares, ; Oberosler, Groff, Iemma, Pedrini, & Rovero, ; Ramesh & Downs, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We established sites in primary forests, logged forests, and oil palm plantations to investigate the consequences of forest degradation and conversion on bearded pig demographics, activity patterns, and group behavior. We tested three main hypotheses: (1) bearded pig age structure will change across land‐uses as anthropogenic disturbance impacts vital demographic rates (Brodie et al, ; Gamelon et al, ; Servanty, Gaillard, Toïgo, Brandt, & Baubet, ; Srinivasan et al, ; Toïgo, Servanty, Gaillard, Brandt, & Baubet, ); (2a) activity level will decrease in modified habitats (van Doormaal et al, ) and (2b) circadian activity patterns will shift toward nocturnality (Gaynor et al, ), as bearded pigs avoid increased daytime temperatures (Hardwick et al, ; Owen‐Smith, ) and human disturbance (Brodie et al, ; Di Bitetti et al, ; Ohashi et al, ); and (3) groups of bearded pigs will be more common and contain more individuals in undisturbed primary forests due to associated navigation advantages (Biro, Sumpter, Meade, & Guilford, ; Couzin, Krause, Franks, & Levin, ; Dell’Ariccia, Dell’Omo, Wolfer, & Lipp, ; Nesterova et al, ). The final hypothesis serves as an empirical test, at the landscape level, of Hancock et al’s () modeling prediction that group formation in nomadic foragers is more advantageous when resources are randomly and patchily distributed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased hunting pressure is characteristic of degraded landscapes (Brodie et al, 2015;Peres, 2000) as there is greater accessibility for commercial and subsistence hunters, and the need to control crop pests (Bennett, Nyaoi, & Sompud, 2000;Luskin, Christina, Kelley, & Potts, 2014). This may lead animals to reduce their overall activity levels and bear the associated fitness costs (van Doormaal, Ohashi, Koike, & Kaji, 2015;Downes, 2008) or concentrate their activity at times of lower risk (Suselbeek et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shifts in the demographics and behavior of bearded pigs (Sus barbatus) across a land‐use gradient

et al. 2019

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Beyond broad‐scale investigations of species diversity and abundance, there is little information on how land conversion in the tropics is affecting the behavior and demographics of surviving species. To fill these knowledge gaps, we explored the effects of land‐use change on the ecologically important and threatened bearded pig (Sus barbatus) over seven years in Borneo. Random placement of camera traps across a land‐use gradient of primary forest, logged forest, and oil palm plantations (32,542 trap nights) resulted in 2,303 independent capture events. Land‐use was associated with changes in the age structure and activity patterns of photographed individuals, alongside large changes in abundance shown previously. The proportion of adults recorded declined from 92% in primary forests to 76% in logged forests, and 67% in plantations, likely indicating increased fecundity in secondary forests. Activity level (capture rate) did not vary, but activity patterns changed markedly, from diurnal in primary forests, crepuscular in logged forests, to nocturnal in plantations. These changes corresponded with avoidance of diurnal human activity and may also protect bearded pigs from increased thermal stress in warmer degraded forests. The percentage of adult captures that were groups rather than individuals increased five‐fold from primary forests (4%) to logged forests (20%), possibly due to increased mating or in response to perceived threats from indirect human disturbance. We recommend further investigation of the demographic and behavioral effects of land‐use change on keystone species as altered population structure, activity patterns, and social behavior may have knock‐on effects for entire ecosystems.

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Influence of human activities on the activity patterns of Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Central Japan

Cited by 52 publications

References 50 publications

Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica)?

Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica)?

Assessing the utility of metabarcoding for diet analyses of the omnivorous wild pig (Sus scrofa)

Shifts in the demographics and behavior of bearded pigs (Sus barbatus) across a land‐use gradient

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