Abstract:Urbanization can influence animal traits, including immunity and gut microbiota. This idea has been studied in well-established urban areas, but few studies have determined the effect of early-stage urbanization on the gut microbiota and its relationship with immunity. Over the past several decades, the Galapagos Islands have seen rapid resident human population growth and tourist activity, leading to varying levels of human activity of four of thirteen Islands. Consequently, diet, gut microbiota, and immunity… Show more
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