Influence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection on Acute Hepatitis A Virus Infection

S, Ida; Tachikawa, Natsuo; Nakajima, Aya; Daikoku, Manabu; Yano, Michitami; Kikuchi, Yoshimi; Yasuoka, Akira; Kimura, Satoshi; Oka, Shinichi

doi:10.1086/338152

Cited by 112 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Other studies report viraemic periods varying from 22 up to 490 days [Bower et al, 2000;Kwon et al, 2000;Ida et al, 2002;Costa-Mattioli et al, 2002b;Sagnelli et al, 2003;Normann et al, 2004].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, one would expect immunocompromised persons to have persistent HAV infection. Reportedly, immunocompromised HIVinfected persons are HAV-viraemic for a longer period than expected [Ida et al, 2002;Costa-Mattioli et al, 2002a] and one study found that they show less elevated ALT levels and are longer viraemic than HIV-negative patients [Ida et al, 2002]. Another study found that neonates still excreted HAV 4-5 months after infection [Rosenblum et al, 1991].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High and persistent excretion of hepatitis A virus in immunocompetent patients

et al. 2006

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The duration and level of virus excretion in blood and faeces of patients with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection were studied in relation to levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), disease severity and HAV genotype. Clinical data, blood and faeces were collected from 27 patients with acute hepatitis A (median age: 33 years) for a maximum of 26 weeks. Single blood donations from 55 other patients with acute HAV (median age: 32 years) were also used. Virus loads were quantified by competitive nested RT-PCR. HAV was excreted in faeces for a median period of 81 days after disease onset, with 50% of patients still excreting high levels at Day 36 (2 Â 10 6 -2 Â 10 8 copies/ml faeces suspension). Viraemia was detected, but not quantifiable, for a median period of 42 days. In the first 10 days of illness, higher ALT levels were correlated with higher viraemia levels. Comparison of patients infected with genotype 1a with those infected with type 1b did not differ significantly in terms of the duration of HAV excretion or jaundice. In conclusion, faecal excretion of HAV is at a high titre in the first month, perhaps making patients infectious for a longer period than assumed currently. Blood banks should be aware that viraemia may be present for more than 1 month, and genotype did not affect the duration of virus excretion or jaundice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High and persistent excretion of hepatitis A virus in immunocompetent patients

et al. 2006

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“…64,65 The hepatitis A vaccine became available in 1996, and guidelines recommend for its use among HIV patients with specific risk factors including a history of drug (both injection and non-injection) use, men who have sex with men (MSM), and liver disease including chronic HBV or hepatitis C virus infection. 8 In addition, those traveling to countries endemic for the disease should be vaccinated.…”

Section: Hepatitis a Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination in HIV-Infected Adults

Crum-Cianflone

Wallace

2014

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Vaccines are critical components for protecting HIV-infected adults from an increasing number of preventable diseases. However, missed opportunities for vaccination among HIV-infected persons persist, likely due to concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of vaccines, as well as the changing nature of vaccine guidelines. In addition, the optimal timing of vaccination among HIV-infected adults in regards to HIV stage and receipt of antiretroviral therapy remain important questions. This article provides a review of the current recommendations regarding vaccines among HIV-infected adults and a comprehensive summary of the evidence-based literature of the benefits and risks of vaccines among this vulnerable population. Importance of Vaccinations for HIV Patients

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“…3 Some studies have suggested that acute hepatitis A acts as a possible trigger for the development of autoimmune hepatitis in susceptible individuals: people who exhibit a defect in T lymphocyte suppressors may develop chronic autoimmune hepatitis when exposed to the hepatitis A virus (HAV). 4,5 The virus for acquired immunodeficiency (HIV) can impact on the clinical course of hepatitis A, 6,7 while, on the other hand, HAV-infection may be linked with a prolonged increase in the HIV-viral load. 8,9 Concerned by the existence of this co-infection in our pediatric population, and accepting that the base liver disease (which, in such children, may equally be the consequence of HIV itself, or of opportunistic infections and anti-retroviral therapy) increases the risk of fulminating hepatitis, we decided to investigate the frequency of HAV infection among children exposed to and/or infected by HIV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalência de anticorpos contra o vírus da hepatite A em crianças e adolescentes expostos e/ou infectados pelo HIV

Gouvêa¹,

Moraes-Pinto²,

Machado³

et al. 2005

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies in HIV-exposed and/or HIV-infected children and adolescents.Methods: Between September 1996 and August 2002, 352 patients (200 exposed, but not HIV-infected and 152 HIV exposed and infected) were included in this study. These children and adolescents (age ranged between 1 and 14 years) were all followed up at the Pediatric AIDS Clinic of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) and had anti-HAV antibodies determined by a commercially available ELISA method (tests for total anti-HAV antibodies and specific IgM antibodies) (Dia Sorin and Radim). Statistical analyses were done with chi-squared and t test.Results: The prevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, but uninfected patients was 34% and 19.7%, respectively. We noticed that in the age range between 2 years and 10 years, the group of HIVinfected children presented a higher prevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies (35.5%) than the group of uninfected children (16.7%) (p = 0.005). In the HIV infected group, children from B and C categories had a prevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies (40.5%) higher than N and A categories (24.1%) (p = 0.042). Mean age did not differ when children from B and C categories were compared with N and A categories (5.18 and 5.66 years, respectively) (p = 0.617). Conclusions:The prevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies in HIV exposed and/or infected children and adolescents between 1 and 14 years old was 26%. Considering the possibility of HIV infection aggravation when associated with hepatitis A virus infection, we suggest that hepatitis A virus inactivated vaccine should be administered to these patients.

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Influence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection on Acute Hepatitis A Virus Infection

Cited by 112 publications

References 25 publications

High and persistent excretion of hepatitis A virus in immunocompetent patients

High and persistent excretion of hepatitis A virus in immunocompetent patients

Vaccination in HIV-Infected Adults

Prevalência de anticorpos contra o vírus da hepatite A em crianças e adolescentes expostos e/ou infectados pelo HIV

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