Influence of humans and climate on the fire history of a ponderosa pine-mixed conifer forest in the southeastern Klamath Mountains, California

Fry, Danny L.; Stephens, Scott L.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.12.021

Cited by 80 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Similar declines in fire occurrence have been observed in California mixed conifer forests in the southern Cascades (Taylor, 2000;Beaty and Taylor, 2001;Norman and Taylor, 2003), Klamath Mountains (Taylor and Skinner, 2003;Fry and Stephens, 2006), northern Sierra Nevada (Stephens and Collins, 2004;Moody et al, 2006) and southern Sierra Nevada (Kilgore and Taylor, 1979;Caprio and Swetnam, 1995). The current fire free period (ca.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…The fire-ENSO relationship observed in GCW exhibits a pattern similar to pine forests in the American Southwest. However, variation in pre fire suppression fire regimes in pine dominated forests in northern California are not consistently associated with ENSO variation (e.g., Norman and Taylor, 2003;Taylor and Beaty, 2005;Fry and Stephens, 2006;Moody et al, 2006). The inconsistent relationship between variation in ENSO and fire regimes is probably related to interannual variation in the north-south position of zonal precipitation that is associated with ENSO and the geographic position of northern California near the ENSO pivot zone (Dettinger et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire history and the structure and dynamics of a mixed conifer forest landscape in the northern Sierra Nevada, Lake Tahoe Basin, California, USA

Beaty

Taylor

2008

Forest Ecology and Management

124

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire history and the structure and dynamics of a mixed conifer forest landscape in the northern Sierra Nevada, Lake Tahoe Basin, California, USA

Beaty

Taylor

2008

Forest Ecology and Management

124

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“…The shortest predicted MFIs were in regions of warm climates where vegetation can rapidly replenish fuels. Short MFI predictions (<3 years) are validated by fire scar studies (Fry and Stephens 2005;Stambaugh and others 2011;Van Horne and Fulé 2006).…”

Section: Domain Range Data and Validationmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For example, predicted MFIs from the Willamette Valley, Oregon (MFIs $6 years) increase more than 30-fold to the high elevation areas of Mount Hood (>200 years)-a distance of 40 km. The northwestern states have both some of the longest and shortest mean fire intervals (1.3->400 years) in the continental US (Fry and Stephens 2005;Agee 1993). Spatially, this contrasts greatly with MFI in the southeastern US where forcing of mean fire intervals by climate is relatively homogeneous from central Texas to South Carolina, a distance of over 2,000 km.…”

Section: Map Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Fire Frequency with Chemistry and Climate

et al. 2012

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A predictive equation for estimating fire frequency was developed from theories and data in physical chemistry, ecosystem ecology, and climatology. We refer to this equation as the Physical Chemistry Fire Frequency Model (PC2FM). The equation was calibrated and validated with North American fire data (170 sites) prior to widespread industrial influences (before $1850 CE) related to land use, fire suppression, and recent climate change to minimize non-climatic effects. We derived and validated the empirically based PC2FM for the purpose of estimating mean fire intervals (MFIs) from proxies of mean maximum temperature, precipitation, their interaction, and estimated reactant concentrations. Parameterization of the model uses reaction rate equations based on the concentration and physical chemistry of fuels and climate. The model was then calibrated and validated using centuries of empirical fire history data. An application of the PC2FM regression equation is presented and used to estimate historic MFI as controlled by climate. We discuss the effects of temperature, precipitation, and their interactions on fire frequency using the PC2FM concept and results. The exclusion of topographic, vegetation, and ignition variables from the PC2FM increased error at fine spatial scales, but allowed for the prediction of complex climate effects at broader temporal and spatial scales. The PC2FM equation is used to map coarse-scale historic fire frequency and assess climate impacts on landscapescale fire regimes.

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“…The scars can be dated to the year and often season using dendrochronological methods (Stokes 1980;Shigo 1984;Baisan and Swetnam 1990;Ortloff 1996;Smith and Sutherland 1999). In suitable locations, samples from several trees containing multiple scars are combined to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of historical fires within a study area (Swetnam and Baisan 1996;Fry and Stephens 2006). The resulting centennial-length fire history records have applications in fire management and fire-climate analysis (Swetnam and Betancourt 1998;Taylor et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire-related features of wood anatomy in a sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) coppice in southern Switzerland

Bigio

Gärtner

Conedera³

2010

Trees

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Explorative wood anatomical analysis was conducted on a Castanea sativa stand in southern Switzerland, where a moderate-intensity surface fire burned in April 1997. Cross-sections were sampled at multiple heights from 20 scarred shoots, 20 apparently intact shoots, along with cores taken from 20 reference trees outside the fire area. Thin sections were prepared from uphill and downhill locations on the circumference for up to 5 years preceding and following the event year. The thin sections were visually observed in order to identify a response to the known fire event preserved in the wood anatomical structure. Anatomical features were observed at the uphill and downhill locations on both scarred and intact (unscarred) cross-sections, and they occurred in a subset of the observed samples. The features observed in both scarred and intact cross-sections were an apparent increase in vessel density and a decrease in lumen area of the second row of earlywood vessels, along with tyloses formation in the first row of earlywood vessels. Furthermore, the scarred region exhibited a zone of delayed cambial death following the fire, and the onset of woundwood was often initiated later in the season or the following year. Using the type of features and their location around the circumference, we inferred that the observed features may have formed in response to local heating of the cambium, and likely formed in response to canopy damage.

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Influence of humans and climate on the fire history of a ponderosa pine-mixed conifer forest in the southeastern Klamath Mountains, California

Cited by 80 publications

References 51 publications

Fire history and the structure and dynamics of a mixed conifer forest landscape in the northern Sierra Nevada, Lake Tahoe Basin, California, USA

Fire history and the structure and dynamics of a mixed conifer forest landscape in the northern Sierra Nevada, Lake Tahoe Basin, California, USA

Predicting Fire Frequency with Chemistry and Climate

Fire-related features of wood anatomy in a sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) coppice in southern Switzerland

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