Influence of Humeral Torsion on Interpretation of Posterior Shoulder Tightness Measures in Overhead Athletes

Myers, Joseph B.; Oyama, Sakiko; Goerger, Benjamin M.; Rucinski, Terri Jo; Blackburn, J. Troy; Creighton, R. Alexander

doi:10.1097/jsm.0b013e3181b544f6

Cited by 88 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

144

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The previously discussed factors that influence the joint torques and stress on the shoulder-stabilizing musculature and posterior capsule could also influence the development of humeral retrotorsion and thus the interpretation of rotational ROM measures. 16 In addition, the female growth spurt is generally shorter than that of the male, 28 allowing a longer period of time for the open epiphyseal plates of the male to be manipulated by humeral torques and for humeral retrotorsion to develop. Finally, as we learned from our experience with youth baseball teams, the majority of children participating on these teams are expected to pitch at some point.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The additional stress at the shoulder from pitching in games and practice may be another reason why humeral retrotorsion is greater in baseball players. 29 Previous authors 16,30,31 have identified the osseous component of humeral retroversion as a major contributor to ROM measures and suggested using a corrected-ROM measure to better assess the soft tissue restriction that is present. This adjustment has been proposed to isolate the total-ROM alterations in the shoulder that are attributed to soft tissue contracture or lengthening, as opposed to the traditional thought that all variations in ROM are caused by soft tissue differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This adjustment has been proposed to isolate the total-ROM alterations in the shoulder that are attributed to soft tissue contracture or lengthening, as opposed to the traditional thought that all variations in ROM are caused by soft tissue differences. 16,30 The adjustment for humeral torsion redefines the point of neutral for measuring internal and external rotation such that the proximal humerus is placed in a standard position. The difference in humeral retrotorsion between baseball and softball players may be causing the ROM difference between the groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second examiner then aligned the digital inclinometer firmly with the forearm to record the humeral-rotation angle, which was the angle from the horizontal plane in the internal-rotation direction ( Figure 2A). 16,18,25 Strong intrasession and intertester reliability and precision were demonstrated for the ultrasonographic assessment by the investigators (Table 1). 25 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Side-to-side differences in baseball players range from 08 to 298, with baseball players demonstrating greater humeral torsion in the throwing arm, whereas control groups show no differences bilaterally. 9,11,[14][15][16] Bilateral variations suggest that torsion is influenced by the degree of upper extremity activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Dominant-Limb Range-of-Motion and Humeral-Retrotorsion Adaptation in Collegiate Baseball and Softball Position Players

Hibberd

Oyama

Tatman

et al. 2014

Journal of Athletic Training

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context: Biomechanically, the motions used by baseball and softball pitchers differ greatly; however, the throwing motions of position players in both sports are strikingly similar. Although the adaptations to the dominant limb from overhead throwing have been well documented in baseball athletes, these adaptations have not been clearly identified in softball players. This information is important in order to develop and implement injury-prevention programs specific to decreasing the risk of upper extremity injury in softball athletes.Objective: To compare range-of-motion and humeral-retrotorsion characteristics of collegiate baseball and softball position players and of baseball and softball players to sex-matched controls.Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Research laboratories and athletic training rooms at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.Patients or Other Participants: Fifty-three collegiate baseball players, 35 collegiate softball players, 25 male controls (nonoverhead athletes), and 19 female controls (nonoverhead athletes). Intervention(s):Range of motion and humeral retrotorsion were measured using a digital inclinometer and diagnostic ultrasound.Main Outcome Measure(s): Glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit, external-rotation gain, total glenohumeral range of motion, and humeral retrotorsion.Results: Baseball players had greater glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit, total-range-of-motion, and humeral-retrotorsion difference than softball players and male controls. There were no differences between glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit, total-range-of-motion, and humeral-retrotorsion difference in softball players and female controls.Conclusions: Few differences were evident between softball players and female control participants, although range-ofmotion and humeral-retrotorsion adaptations were significantly different than baseball players. The throwing motions are similar between softball and baseball, but the athletes adapt to the demands of the sport differently; thus, stretching/strengthening programs designed for baseball may not be the most effective programs for softball athletes.Key Words: upper extremity, shoulder, injury prevention Key PointsCompared with softball players, baseball players had greater glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit and humeralretrotorsion and total range-of-motion differences. Few differences were observed between softball players and female control participants,.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Dominant-Limb Range-of-Motion and Humeral-Retrotorsion Adaptation in Collegiate Baseball and Softball Position Players

Hibberd

Oyama

Tatman

et al. 2014

Journal of Athletic Training

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Torsionsfehlstellungen am Humerus

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The torsion of the humerus describes the physiological rotation of the humerus around its longitudinal axis. Various clinical and radiological methods for measurement have been described. The computed tomography method is currently the gold standard. The angle between the humeral head axis and the transepicondylar axis is measured. This angle is called retroversion. Values of retroversion vary between 10° and 40°. For the treatment of many humeral pathologies, a precise reconstruction of the anatomical retroversion is required. The retroversion of the humerus has to be considered in shoulder arthroplasty, in fracture situations and also in planning correction of posttraumatic deformities. If an orientation to the original anatomical landmarks of the humerus is no longer possible, an orientation to the contralateral side is recommended.

show abstract

The throwing shoulder in youth elite handball: soft-tissue adaptations but not humeral retrotorsion differ between the two sexes

Achenbach

Clement

Hufsky

et al. 2019

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose In youth handball players, knowledge about the development of soft-tissue adaptation and humeral retrotorsion is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate diferences in adaptations in the glenohumeral rotational range of motion and humeral retrotorsion of the throwing arm between male and female youth elite handball players. Methods One-hundred and thirty-eight youth elite handball players (mean age: 14.1 ± 0.7 years) were assessed for glenohumeral external (ER) and internal (IR) rotational ranges of motion and humeral retrotorsion (HRT) by means of a manual goniometer and a portable ultrasound device. Sports-speciic adaptations between the dominant and non-dominant shoulders and between male and female adolescents were calculated. Results Handball players showed side-to-side diferences in IR and ER in the throwing shoulder. HRT did not correlate with the measurements of rotational ROM of the throwing arm. Male athletes showed a more pronounced glenohumeral internal rotation deicit than female athletes (13.1° ± 22.8° vs. 5.1° ± 14.0°, p = 0.014). Adaptations in HRT but no sex diferences could be seen in the throwing shoulder (16.5° ± 9.6°) compared to the non-throwing shoulder (13.5° ± 9.4°, p < 0.001). Conclusion Loss of internal rotation and gain in external rotation in youth handball players seem to be more related to adaptive changes in the soft-tissues than to HRT. Male athletes showed stronger throwing-related adaptations in the rotational range of motion but not in humeral torsion in their dominant shoulder than female athletes. Level of evidence Cross-sectional study, Level II.

show abstract

Influence of Humeral Torsion on Interpretation of Posterior Shoulder Tightness Measures in Overhead Athletes

Cited by 88 publications

References 29 publications

Dominant-Limb Range-of-Motion and Humeral-Retrotorsion Adaptation in Collegiate Baseball and Softball Position Players

Dominant-Limb Range-of-Motion and Humeral-Retrotorsion Adaptation in Collegiate Baseball and Softball Position Players

Torsionsfehlstellungen am Humerus

The throwing shoulder in youth elite handball: soft-tissue adaptations but not humeral retrotorsion differ between the two sexes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About