Influence of Humidity on Ultraviolet Injury

Owens, Donald W.; Knox, John M.; Hudson, Hugh T.; Troll, Douglas

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12510673

Cited by 50 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The nature and strength of this scattering may strongly influence the extent of penetration [22,23]. It is known that salt water soaks have an influence on the hydration status of the stratum corneum, with the highest water uptake observed after soaks in tap water and decreasing linearly with increasing salt concentrations to about 25% [22,24]. Data from previous studies indicate that a shift in the horny layer UV absorption spectrum to shorter wavelengths and a decline in scattering after hydration of the horny layer possibly serve to increase UVB transmission through the stratum corneum and thus increase UV sensitivity [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Salt Water Soaks on Biophysical and Molecular Parameters in Psoriatic Epidermis Equivalents

et al. 2011

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Background/Aims: The exact mechanisms of action of balneophototherapy are incompletely understood. We aimed to investigate the effect of salt water soaks on ultraviolet (UV) transmission and the expression of molecular parameters of psoriasis. Methods: We studied UV transmission and the expression of antimicrobial peptides and skin-derived antileukoproteinase (SKALP/elafin) in psoriatic epidermis equivalents which were pretreated with tap water and differently concentrated salt water solutions. Moreover, we performed in vivo phototoxicity tests in healthy subjects. Results: Highly concentrated salt water soaks significantly increase UV transmission through psoriatic epidermis equivalents, in particular within the wavelength range of 305– 360 nm. In vivo tests revealed increased photosensitivity following highly concentrated salt water baths. A significant decrease in human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) and SKALP/elafin is observed after highly concentrated NaCl soaks. Conclusion: An increase in UV transmission following highly concentrated salt water soaks likely causes enhanced UV gain within the viable epidermis. Moreover, our data indicate that salt water soaks seem to influence the protein profiles of hBD-2 and SKALP/elafin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Salt Water Soaks on Biophysical and Molecular Parameters in Psoriatic Epidermis Equivalents

et al. 2011

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“…It is known that wet skin is prone to sun-burn more than dry skin [12]. It is also known that skin can become less reflecting and more transmitting to light by prolonged bath in water or by applying a lipophilic liquid which helps in "refractive-index matching" within stratum corneum [15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the impact of ambient humidity on the optics of the skin is poorly understood. In a recent work, it has been shown that mice kept at higher humidity were subject to greater damage from UV radiation than those kept at lower humidity [12]. A possible mechanism that was proposed to explain these results involves enhanced light transmission through hydrated stratum corneum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible mechanism that was proposed to explain these results involves enhanced light transmission through hydrated stratum corneum. This effect has obvious clinical importance since it is known that under exposure to sun, wet skin burns more easily than dry skin [12]. One investigation involved hydration of epidermal samples by immersing in solution of NaCl in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ambient Humidity on the Transmission of UV/Visible Light through Model Human Epidermis

Farley¹,

Kassu²,

Sadate³

et al. 2016

OJAppS

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Transmission of light through model human epidermal samples is investigated at four different wavelengths and at varying ambient humidity. Light from light emitting diodes (LEDs) is used for transmission measurements through the samples at a UVA wavelength of 365 nm, and visible wavelengths of 460 nm, 500 nm, and 595 nm. Ambient air-humidity is varied between 20% and 100%. Results show that for high ambient humidity, near 100%, transmission of light through the epidermis is higher than at low ambient humidity, 60% or lower. These results are explained with a simple model of epidermis as a turbid medium and the effect of adsorbed water in reducing light-scattering by refractive-index-matching. Biological implications of increased light-transmission through epidermis at high ambient humidity are discussed. KeywordsModel Human Epidermis, Model Skin, Effect of Humidity, Transmission of Light, Optical Properties of Epidermis

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“…It has been surmised on the basis of animal experiments that UV carcinogenesis is a cumulative process, initiated and then augmented by successive doses (Blum, 1976). Heat, humidity and wind enhance this UV-induced tumour formation (Freeman & Knox, 1964;Owens et al, 1974Owens et al, , 1975 and these are factors likely to be present in environments such as coastal beaches where people are often sunburned. Also the damage of UV-B radiation to DNA is well-established, with one of the salient effects being the production of pyrimidine dimers (Epstein, 1983) causing distortion of the double helix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunburn and malignant melanoma

Green¹,

Siskind²,

Bain³

et al. 1985

Br J Cancer

137

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Summary We investigated the relationship between cutaneous malignant melanoma and multiple sunburns in the Queensland population. Interview data were gathered from 236 case-control pairs concerning their lifetime experience of severe sunburns, their occupational and recreational sun exposure, and their skin type. Excluding the lentigo maligna melanoma subtype, an association between multiple sunburns and melanoma was evident. After controlling for other major risk factors there was a significant dose-response relationship (P < 0.05): the estimated relative risk associated with 2-5 sunburns in life was 1.5, and with 6 or more was 2.4. This observation extends the hitherto circumstantial evidence of a causal relationship between exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation and melanoma, and suggests that precautionary measures could prevent the development of this disease in a proportion of cases in fair-skinned populations.In spite of the widely held view that exposure to sunlight is related to melanoma, there is a lack of direct supporting evidence (Editorial, Lancet 1981). This may be related in part to problems in quantifying the harmful solar radiation that penetrates the epidermis during sun exposure. There are no established criteria for measuring harmful sun exposure at the target-cell (melanocyte) level on which to base comparisons between populations or individuals. Ideally such criteria would allow quantitation of actual ultraviolet (UV) dose, as the specific carcinogenic wavelengths in sunlight are thought to lie in the UV range (Setlow, 1974), and especially in the UV-B band (280-320 nm) (Granstein & Sober, 1982 In a case-control study in Queensland, Australia, we have examined the relation of UV exposure to cutaneous melanoma by comparing the sunburn experiences accumulated over a lifetime in incident cases, with those of the general population. Materials and methods SubjectsCases were residents of Queensland, who were reported as having a first primary cutaneous melanoma between 1 July, 1979 and 30 June, 1980. The histological diagnoses were provided by pathology laboratories throughout the state. From the year's total of 871 cases, 243 eligible cases were selected at random, 236 (97%) of whom were successfully contacted and interviewed. Controls were randomly selected from the total population by means of electoral rolls (enrolment is compulsory). They were matched to individual cases by age within 5 years, sex and place of residence. The 236 controls represented 92% of the eligible persons contacted (a further 13 were not at the address listed and could not be contacted). ProtocolAll subjects were interviewed by one of us (A.G.) using a standard questionnaire. Respondents were asked to recall all episodes of severe sunburn where pain had persisted longer than 48 h, with or without blistering. The number of sunburn experiences (to a maximum of 9) was recorded for the age groups 0-9, 10-19, 20-29 years, and 30 years and over. Virtually all burns reported occurred before age 40 (there were only 8 sunburns...

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Influence of Humidity on Ultraviolet Injury

Cited by 50 publications

References 5 publications

The Impact of Salt Water Soaks on Biophysical and Molecular Parameters in Psoriatic Epidermis Equivalents

The Impact of Salt Water Soaks on Biophysical and Molecular Parameters in Psoriatic Epidermis Equivalents

Effect of Ambient Humidity on the Transmission of UV/Visible Light through Model Human Epidermis

Sunburn and malignant melanoma

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