Influence of hydrocarbons and thiophene on catalytic fixed bed methanation

Requirements on synthesis gas from gasification for material and energy utilization: a mini review

“…It is noteworthy that ammonia can also be formed as a side reaction during the methanation process (Kiendl et al, 2014). (Additional literature of the limits mentioned (Kaltschmitt et al, 2016;Molino et al, 2018;E4Tech, 2009;Fendt, 2020;Kopyscinski et al, 2010;Neubert et al, 2017;Zwart et al, 2006))…”

Biological CO2-Methanation: An Approach to Standardization

“…V H 2 ,in (GHSV H 2 , Equation (11)). It is important to mention that in contrast to the calculation of the gas retention time (Section 4.4.2), the volumetric flows are provided at normal conditions in m 3 /h (and not m 3 N /h or Nm 3 /h) [22,67,87]:…”

“…Today, two processes exist for the conversion of hydrogen and carbon dioxide to methane, namely thermochemical or catalytic methanation and biological methanation [19,20]. Thermochemical methanation, also known as Sabatier-process, utilizes metal catalysts like e.g., Ni/Al 2 O 3 to catalyze the methanation reaction [21][22][23][24]. The process operates at high temperatures between 200 and 550 • C depending on the optimal activity of the catalyst and pressures up to 100 bar because the methanation is thermodynamically more favorable at high operation pressure [24,25].…”

“…Due to the reactor design and the catalyst, catalytic methanation is characterized by high space-time yields and high methane selectivity. However, a major restriction for the chemical methanation is the requirement of high reactant gas purities because of the sensitivity of the metal catalyst towards contaminants such as hydrogen sulfide [20,22,24,26]. Biological methanation uses biological catalysts i.e., methanogenic microorganisms to catalyze the methanation reaction [27][28][29].…”

In-situ electrochemical impedance analysis of a commercial SOFC stack fueled by real wood gas

“…Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), an inorganic sulfur molecule, and other organic sulfur components such as mercaptans and thiophenes could instantly deactivate the electrochemical activity of SOFCs at concentrations of several ppm [ [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] ]. Syngas from the gasification of biomass contains both, inorganic and organic sulfur components at significant levels [ 43 ]. Traditional electrochemical characterization techniques for analyzing these degradation effects include polarization curve measurement and EIS.…”