Influence of hydrothermal and mechanical conditions on the strength of zirconia

Borchers, Lothar; Stiesch, Meike; Bach, Friedrich‐Wilhelm; Buhl, Josef‐Christian; Hübsch, C.; Kellner, T.; Kohorst, Philipp; Jendras, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2010.07.025

Cited by 109 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In this regard, after aging, depending on the composition, zirconia shows variability in the mechanical behaviour due to different levels of t→m transformation zones [28,29]. The reduction in the resistance of zirconia appears to be closely linked to a more pronounced depth in the transformation zones [30,31]. However, the shape, size and location of the grains appear to have the highest impact on phase transformation in that larger grains are more easily transformed than smaller ones [10,22,27].…”

Section: Low-temperature Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Aging of Zirconium Dioxide: An Evaluation of Current Knowledge and Clinical Relevance

Özcan

Volpato

Fredel

2016

Curr Oral Health Rep

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Due to its superior mechanical properties, yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal is considered as one of the most promising materials to manufacture prosthetic frameworks, monolithic crowns and abutments for implants in dentistry. When stabilized in the tetragonal phase, the structure of zirconia can respond to external stress by increasing its toughness and resistance. Unfortunately, when subjected to humid environment, zirconia may undergo considerable degradation characterized by increased surface roughness, grain growth and propagation of microcracks that could be detrimental for its mechanical properties. This phenomenon, also known as low-temperature degradation (LTD), when not minimized, may represent a setback for the longevity of zirconia especially used for biomedical applications. LTD is studied in in vitro or in vivo settings employing different strategies. Present clinical studies however, with their shortcomings, do not signify high incidence of failures of zirconia for dental applications. The LTD of zirconia is currently being criticized based on laboratory testing which may be suboptimal. This review will highlight the existing knowledge on the artificial aging methods studying LTD in zirconia and their relevance considering clinical performance of zirconia prostheses.

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Section: Low-temperature Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an alternative to autoclave aging, other laboratory tests have been also used to predict and to elucidate the LTD in zirconia such as thermocycling [28,30], mechanical cycling [30], storage in water [37], saliva [31], saline solution [38,39] and acetic acid [39,40].…”

Section: Methods For Ltd Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Aging of Zirconium Dioxide: An Evaluation of Current Knowledge and Clinical Relevance

Özcan

Volpato

Fredel

2016

Curr Oral Health Rep

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“…These adjustments by grinding may induce prematurely the t→m phase transformation, thus reducing its mechanical properties 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Borchers et al 5 evaluated the influence of different environments and loads on the phase transformation and showed that up to 10% conversion occurs in Y-TZP sintered at 1500 °C and stored in distilled water at 80 °C for 64 h.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Tetragonal Phase from Previously Transformed Y-TZP

et al. 2016

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ZrO 2 (Y 2 O 3 )-based ceramics are widely used as biomaterials due to high fracture toughness, resulting from the tetragonal-monoclinic phase transformation in which the ceramic is submitted during crack propagation. In this context, studies involving the possibility of optimization of the tetragonal phase are important for the properties improvement of this ceramic. This study investigated the recovery of tetragonal phase from a previously transformed ZrO 2 (3 mol% Y 2 O 3 ) ceramic. Zirconia samples were sintered at 1450 °C, at 1530 °C -2 h and at 1600 °C -4 h, in order to obtain materials with distinct microstructural features. The sintered samples were characterized by relative density, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Samples sintered at 1450 °C, 1530 °C -2 h and 1600 °C -4 h, presented relative densities of 94.2, 99.6 and 99.7% with grains size averages of 0.28, 0.49 and 1.31 μm, respectively. All samples were submitted to milling to induce the tetragonal→monoclinic phase transformation presenting 5, 50 and 65 vol% of monoclinic phase. Subsequently, heat treatments between 400 °C and 1200 °C were conducted to retransform monoclinic in tetragonal phase. It has been found that the smaller the grain size after sintering, the lower the necessary annealing temperatures for fully recovering of tetragonal phase. Annealing temperatures of 950, 1100 and 1200 °C were sufficient to recover almost fully the tetragonal phase.

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“…Esse processo é comumente chamado de envelhecimento ou degradação a baixas temperaturas (low temperature degradation, LTD), e consiste em uma deficiência apresentada pela Y-TZP. Neste caso, o consequente aumento de volume dos cristais resulta no surgimento de microtrincas na superfície do material, o que aumenta a rugosidade superficial e reduz significativamente a sua resistência (5)(6)(7)9).…”

Section: Degradação a Baixas Temperaturasunclassified

Efeito da coloração nas propriedades mecânicas e ópticas de cerâmicas odontológicas à base de zircônia

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Influence of hydrothermal and mechanical conditions on the strength of zirconia

Cited by 109 publications

References 34 publications

Artificial Aging of Zirconium Dioxide: An Evaluation of Current Knowledge and Clinical Relevance

Artificial Aging of Zirconium Dioxide: An Evaluation of Current Knowledge and Clinical Relevance

Recovery of Tetragonal Phase from Previously Transformed Y-TZP

Efeito da coloração nas propriedades mecânicas e ópticas de cerâmicas odontológicas à base de zircônia

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