Influence of <i>Beet necrotic yellow vein virus</i> on Sugar Beet Storability

Strausbaugh, C.A.; Rearick, E.; Camp, Stacey; Gallian, John J.; Dyer, Alan T.

doi:10.1094/pdis-92-4-0581

Cited by 15 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The gas chromatographic method was similar to ICUMSA Method GS4/7/8/5-2 (2002) with the following modifications: the internal standard used was D(-)-salicin [2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, and equal volumes (to ±0.01 ml) of a solution of internal standard in dimethylformamide were dispensed into weighed samples and standards using a volumetric dispenser (4). The gas chromatography analysis averaged 1.395% higher than the polarimeter reading on samples evaluated in previous work (28). To establish percent reduction in sugar at harvest versus storage, only samples from within the same plot were compared.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Commercial cultivars currently possess the Rz1 gene for resistance to BNYVV, but resistance breaking strains have been discovered in the United States (1,17). Rhizomania can severely impact yield variables in susceptible cultivars but recently has been shown to impact storability as well (8,28). Even by early December in outdoor piles under ambient conditions, infested roots can suffer significant sucrose reductions (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other factors can also influence sucrose loss such as scalping, impacts, and wounding during harvest and transport, mud and weeds in piles, and unusually high or low temperatures (2,6,10,13,16,19,33). Disease and drought stress during crop production may also predispose the roots to sucrose loss in storage (8,14,15,27,28). Rhizomania (8,28), curly top (27), Rhizoctonia root rot (15), Aphanomyces root rot (7), and Cercospora leaf spot (24) during crop production have all been shown to lead to increases in sucrose loss in storage.…”

Section: Sugar Beet Cultivar Evaluation For Storability and Rhizomanimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disease and drought stress during crop production may also predispose the roots to sucrose loss in storage (8,14,15,27,28). Rhizomania (8,28), curly top (27), Rhizoctonia root rot (15), Aphanomyces root rot (7), and Cercospora leaf spot (24) during crop production have all been shown to lead to increases in sucrose loss in storage.…”

Section: Sugar Beet Cultivar Evaluation For Storability and Rhizomanimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), has been shown to be particularly damaging in storage; sucrose losses up to 94% have been documented (28). Since BNYVV was first discovered in the United States in 1984, the virus has spread through the major U.S. production areas (21,22).…”

Section: Sugar Beet Cultivar Evaluation For Storability and Rhizomanimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sugar Beet Cultivar Evaluation for Storability and Rhizomania Resistance

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To reduce storage losses and improve resistance to rhizomania caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), studies were initiated to establish a storage cultivar selection program. In 2006 and 2007, 30 or more commercial sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) cultivars were grown in soil naturally infested with BNYVV. At harvest, two root samples from each plot were collected and used to establish percent sugar. Additional samples were placed on top of an indoor pile (set point 1.7°C) and inside an outdoor pile in a randomized complete block design with four replications. After 142 and 159 days in indoor storage, sucrose reduction ranged from 13 to 90% in 2007 and 57 to 100% in 2008. Outdoor storage sucrose reduction ranged from 13 to 32% in 2007 and 28 to 60% in 2008. An average of 31 and 45% of the root surface was covered with fungal growth in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Cultivars that retained the most sucrose had resistance to BNYVV and the least fungal growth and weight loss. Indoor storage with BNYVV-infested roots allowed for the most consistent cultivar separation and will potentially lead to selection of cultivars for improved storability and rhizomania resistance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sugar Beet Cultivar Evaluation For Storability and Rhizomanimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sugar Beet Cultivar Evaluation For Storability and Rhizomanimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sugar Beet Cultivar Evaluation For Storability and Rhizomanimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sugar Beet Cultivar Evaluation for Storability and Rhizomania Resistance

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A Novel Penicillium sp. Causes Rot in Stored Sugar Beet Roots in Idaho

Strausbaugh

Dugan

2017

Plant Disease

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Penicillium vulpinum along with a number of other fungi can lead to rot of stored sugar beet roots. However, Penicillium isolates associated with necrotic lesions on roots from a recent sugar beet storage study were determined to be different from P. vulpinum and other recognized Penicillium species. Phylogenies based on sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-5.8S, b-tubulin (BenA), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) DNA regions indicate that these isolates are novel, but most closely related to the following Penicillium spp. in the section Fasiculata: P. aurantiogriseum, P. camemberti, and P. freii. Macro-and micromorphological data also support designating these isolates as a new species for which we propose the name, Penicillium cellarum sp. nov. Inoculation studies with the P. cellarum isolates on roots of the commercial sugar beet cultivar B-7 led to the formation of necrotic lesions 23 to 25 mm in diameter after 86 days in storage. These lesions were similar to those observed on sugar beet roots in commercial storage piles. These data indicate that P. cellarum is a pathogen which can cause root rot in stored sugar beet roots.Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots are frequently stored under ambient conditions in the United States in production areas other than the Red River Valley and California (Bugbee 1993). In Idaho, which is second in sugar beet production (USDA-NASS) in the United States, approximately two-thirds of the crop is held under ambient storage conditions from October until late March when factory processing is finished (Huff 2013;Peterson et al. 1984;Strausbaugh et al. 2008). At harvest, roots are topped and handled roughly when loaded into trucks and piles, making them susceptible to injury and increased respiration and microbial invasion (Bugbee 1993;Wyse and Peterson 1979). If weather conditions are unfavorable, such as widely fluctuating temperatures and wet conditions, microbial growth can be enhanced (Bugbee 1982(Bugbee , 1993Strausbaugh et al. 2008Strausbaugh et al. , 2011Wyse 1978). Bacterial rot has been documented to be caused by Leuconostoc, while fungal invasion can be attributed to a number of causal agents including an Athelia-like basidiomycete, Botrytis cinerea Pers., Penicillium vulpinum (Cooke & Massee) Seifert & Samson (syn. P. claviformae Bainer), and Phoma betae A. B. Frank (Bugbee 1982;Bugbee and Cole 1976;Campbell and Bugbee 1993;Liebe and Varrelmann 2014;Miles et al. 1977;Mumford and Wyse 1976;Nihlgård et al. 2009;Strausbaugh et al. 2009Strausbaugh et al. , 2015Toda et al. 2012).Penicillium storage rot is normally associated with wounds and historically attributed to P. vulpinum (Bugbee 1975(Bugbee , 1976(Bugbee , 1993Fugate and Campbell 2009 Samson et al. 2011;Visagie et al. 2014). Penicillium roqueforti Thom and P. paneum have also been isolated from ensiled hard-pressed beet fibers (Boysen et al. 2000). Recently Penicillium isolates from lesions on sugar beet roots in Idaho differed from previously acknowledged species based on p...

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Incidence, Distribution, and Pathogenicity of Fungi Causing Root Rot in Idaho Long-Term Sugar Beet Storage Piles

Strausbaugh

2018

Plant Disease

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Fungal rots in sugar beet roots held in long-term storage can lead to considerable sucrose loss but the incidence and distribution of fungal rots inside sugar beet piles and pathogenicity for some species is poorly understood. Thus, Idaho sugar beet held in five outdoor and two indoor piles in 2014 and 2015 were investigated. The root surface area covered by fungal growth and discolored and healthy tissue were assessed in nine 1-m areas per pile using a stratified random sampling design. Pathogenicity was evaluated indoors via plug inoculation in 2015 and 2016. Botrytis cinerea covered more root surface area inside indoor piles (6 to 22%) than outdoor piles (0 to 3%) (P < 0.0001). No trends were evident for the Athelia-like sp. (0 to 15%) and Penicillium-type spp. (0 to 8%). Penicillium-type isolates comprised the following species: 60% Penicillium expansum, 34% P. cellarum, 3% P. polonicum, and 3% Talaromyces rugulosus. Trace levels (<1% of root surface) of other fungi, including Cladosporium and Fusarium spp., were evident on roots and in isolations. Based on sample location in a pile, there were no trends or differences; however, two outdoor piles (OVP1 and OVP2) had more healthy tissue (90 to 96%) than other piles (28 to 80%) (P < 0.0001). When the pathogenicity tests were analyzed by species, all were significantly different from each other (P < 0.0001), except for P. polonicum and P. expansum: B. cinerea (61 mm of rot), P. polonicum (36 mm), P. expansum (35 mm), P. cellarum (28 mm), Athelia-like sp. (21 mm), T. rugulosus (0 mm; not different from check), and noninoculated check (0 mm). The OVP1 and OVP2 piles had negligible fungal growth on roots after more than 120 days of storage under ambient conditions, which indicates that acceptable storage can be achieved over this time period through covering piles with tarps and cooling with ventilation pipe.

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Influence of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus on Sugar Beet Storability

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Sugar Beet Cultivar Evaluation for Storability and Rhizomania Resistance

Sugar Beet Cultivar Evaluation for Storability and Rhizomania Resistance

A Novel Penicillium sp. Causes Rot in Stored Sugar Beet Roots in Idaho

Incidence, Distribution, and Pathogenicity of Fungi Causing Root Rot in Idaho Long-Term Sugar Beet Storage Piles

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