Influence ofVerticillium dahliaeInfested Peanut Residue on Wilt Development in Subsequent Cotton

Abstract

Texas ranks first in cotton production in the United States and accounts for approximately 40% of the total production. Most of the cotton production is concentrated in the Texas High Plains where cotton and peanut are commonly grown in rotation. With peanut being a legume crop, farmers routinely leave residue on the soil surface to improve soil fertility; however,V. dahliaecan survive in the crop residue contributing inoculum to the soil. A microplot study was conducted to investigate the impact of peanut residue infested withV. dahliaeon subsequent microsclerotia density in soil and Verticillium wilt development in cotton. The effects of infested peanut residue rate on percent germination of cotton seeds and on wilt incidence were monitored in 2008 and 2009. In both years microplots were planted with a susceptible cotton cultivar, Stoneville (ST) 4554B2RF. Increasing infested peanut residue rate was positively correlated with wilt incidence in cotton and negatively correlated with germination of cotton seeds. Density of microsclerotia in the soil increased significantly with increasing rates of infested peanut residue over time. Results indicate infested peanut residue serve as a source ofV. dahliaeinoculum, and removing infested residue can reduce disease development in subsequent cotton crops.

The Verticillium wilt problem in Australian cotton

“…The development of real-time PCR protocols to determine microsclerotial load from soil samples should assist with managing crop rotation practices (Banno et al 2011;Gharbi et al 2016). Removal of the rotational crop plant debris has also been shown to reduce the number of microsclerotia in the soil, but does sacrifice soil health (Chawla et al 2012). However, the known host range of V. dahliae, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, is expanding as the pathogen comes into contact with new plant species.…”

In vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts from cutaneous secretions of Amazonian amphibians against phytopathogens of agricultural interest

“…Likewise, the microsclerotia production inhibition observed in the treatment with the R. marina extract may be relevant, because these resistance structures ensure pathogen survival in adverse conditions, even in the absence of the host and in unfavorable climate conditions (Ritchie et al 2013). Microsclerotia can remain in the soil and in organic matter after plant infection and serve as inocula for subsequent cultures (Chawla et al 2012), with potential for more severe and frequent epidemics (Ma et al 2015).…”

Efficacy of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) for the control of chrysanthemum Verticillium wilt in Italy

“…Formation of microsclerotia on dying host debris in the soil can cause an increase of inoculum density in the following year, especially if the increase is greater than the reduction in microsclerotia due to mortality (Mol et al, 1995). A lower rate of infected peanut and bean crop residues resulted in a lower V. dahliae microsclerotia population in subsequent crops (Hoekstra, 1989;Chawla et al, 2012).…”