Influence of In Situ Pyrolysis on the Evolution of Pore Structure of Oil Shale

Liu, Zhijun; Yang, Dinglong; Hu, Yue; Zhang, Junwen; Shao, Jixi; Song, Su; Kang, Zhiqin

doi:10.3390/en11040755

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…As the heating time reached 30 minutes, specific surface area, cumulative pore volume, and average pore diameter rapidly dramatically increased to 24.625 m 2 /g, 0.105 mL/g, and 18.61 nm, respectively. This result was consistent with the results by Bai et al Many investigations studied the influence of reaction temperature on the pore structure of oil shale under conventional heating . Although under 750°C the specific surface area and average pore diameter decrease shown in Figure B and E high reaction temperature is also responsible for the development of pores.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This result was consistent with the results by Bai et al 27 Many investigations studied the influence of reaction temperature on the pore structure of oil shale under conventional heating. 39 Although under 750°C the specific surface area and average pore diameter decrease shown in Figure 5B and E high reaction temperature is also responsible for the development of pores. This outcome may be due to the complex chemical and physical reactions under extreme high temperature.…”

Section: Change Of Pore Structure During Microwave Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Evaluation of different microwave heating parameters on the pore structure of oil shale samples

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2018

Energy Science & Engineering

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The pore structure of oil shale during microwave heating significantly determines the flow behavior, the transformation products and the ultimate recovery regardless of ex situ retorting or in situ development methods. In this experimental study, the effects of microwave heating parameters including heating time, reaction temperature and output power on the heating behavior, surface morphology and pore roughness of oil shale were investigated based on the nitrogen adsorption/desorption and scanning electron microscope (SEM) experiments. Fractal dimension D1 and D2 (at relative pressures of 0‐0.5 and 0.5‐1, respectively) were calculated according to the fractal Frenkel‐Halsey‐Hill model. The relationships between specific surface area, cumulative pore volume, average pore diameter, and fractal dimension have been studied. The results demonstrated that the pore structure of oil shale was greatly influenced by microwave heating parameters due to the decomposition of kerogen, the internal pressure caused by the steam and volatiles, the complicated reactions and the thermal stress induced by microwave. Moreover, fractal dimension also changed correspondingly with different heating parameters. The variations of fractal dimension D1 was consistent with the evolvement of specific surface area and the changes in fractal dimension D2 showed negative correlation with average pore volume. The relationships between D1 and surface roughness, D2 and pore structure were verified based on the comparison of SEM images. The fractal theory is reliable to describe the surface morphology and pore structure of oil shale and thus supports the application of microwave heating on the oil shale development.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Change Of Pore Structure During Microwave Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of different microwave heating parameters on the pore structure of oil shale samples

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2018

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…Yang et al [15] applied mercury injection to characterize pore structure during pyrolysis. Liu et al [16] analyzed the evolution mechanism of the pore structures in shale under thermal actions. Zhao et al [17] used a high-precision computed tomography (CT) test system to conduct three-dimensional microscopic observations of ruptures in granite at high temperatures, revealing that the crystal particles of granite have irregular spatial structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore Structural Features of Granite under Different Temperatures

2021

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To explore the effects of thermal actions on the pore structural features of granite, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mercury injection experiments were carried out on granite after thermal treatment (25 °C to 400 °C). The pore structure was investigated from various perspectives, including the capillary pressure curve, the pore–throat ratio, the median saturation pressure, the median pore–throat radius, the porosity, the pore volume, and the pore size distribution. Based on mercury intrusion test data, the Winland model of permeability prediction was modified for a high-temperature tight granite reservoir. The results showed that: (1) As the temperature rose, the mercury injection curve was gradually flattened, and the mercury ejection efficiency gradually increased. Meanwhile, the pore–throat ratio and the median saturation pressure decreased exponentially, and the pore connectivity was enhanced. (2) The median pore–throat radius and the porosity of granite increased exponentially as the temperature increased. Above 200 °C, the median pore–throat radius and the porosity increased substantially. (3) The pore volumes of the transitional pores, mesopores and macropores, and the total pore volume inside the granite, increased as the temperature rose. Especially above 200 °C, the transitional pores and the mesopores were prominently developed, and the pore volumes of the transitional pores and the mesopores took up a significantly greater proportion of the total pore volume. (4) As the temperature rose, the pore size distribution of granite became more extensive, the pore–throat structure was obviously developed, and the pore–throat connectivity was enhanced. (5) The relationship between the micropores’ characteristic parameters and the macro-permeability in engineering was established though a modified Winland model, and the modified Winland model had a better prediction effect. The findings provide a solid basis for rock geothermal mining projects and related geotechnical engineering.

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“…For many countries, oil shale (OS) represents a valuable potential source of liquid hydrocarbons and energy. In China, OS resources are estimated at 978 billion tons; of which, OS resources in extensional basins are approximately 632 billion tons, which account for 65% of the China's total OS resources or approximately 32 billion tons of in situ shale oil [1][2][3][4]. Shale oil has high H/C atomic ratio and is similar to crude oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Shale Ash-Based Catalyst on the Pyrolysis of Fushun Oil Shale

et al. 2019

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The effect of shale ash (SA)-based catalysts (SA as carriers to support several transition metal salts, such as ZnCl2, NiCl2·6H2O, and CuCl2·2H2O) on oil shale (OS) pyrolysis was studied. Results showed that SA promoted OS pyrolysis, and the optimum weight ratio of OS:SA was found to be 2:1. The SA-supported transition metal salt catalyst promoted the OS pyrolysis, and the catalytic effect increased with increasing load of the transition metal salt within 0.1–3.0 wt%. The transition metal salts loaded on the SA not only promoted OS pyrolysis and reduced the activation energy required but also changed the yield of pyrolysis products (reduced shale oil and semi-coke yields and increased gas and loss yield). SA-supported 3 wt% CuCl2·2H2O catalyst not only exhibited the highest ability to reduce the activation energy in OS pyrolysis (32.84 kJ/mol) but also improved the gas and loss yield, which was 4.4% higher than the uncatalyzed reaction. The supporting transition metal salts on the SA also increased the content of short-chain hydrocarbons in aliphatic hydrocarbons in shale oil and catalyzed the aromatization of aliphatic hydrocarbons to form aromatic hydrocarbons. The catalytic activity of the transition metal salt on the SA-based catalyst for OS pyrolysis decreased in the order of CuCl2·2H2O > NiCl2·6H2O > ZnCl2.

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Influence of In Situ Pyrolysis on the Evolution of Pore Structure of Oil Shale

Cited by 25 publications

References 55 publications

Evaluation of different microwave heating parameters on the pore structure of oil shale samples

Evaluation of different microwave heating parameters on the pore structure of oil shale samples

Pore Structural Features of Granite under Different Temperatures

Effect of Shale Ash-Based Catalyst on the Pyrolysis of Fushun Oil Shale

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