“…Gingival and periodontal tissue healing is assessed by measuring changes in parameters such as gingival margin level, periodontal probing depths, clinical attachment loss, width of keratinised tissue, width of attached gingivae and crestal bone level (Albanyan et al, 2020;Castro-Calderon et al, 2021;Kreisler et al, 2009;Taschieri et al, 2014Taschieri et al, , 2016Velvart et al, 2004;von Arx et al, 2017;von Arx, Jensen, & Hänni, 2007). All of these parameters mostly remain stable after modern root-end surgery (Albanyan et al, 2020;von Arx et al, 2017), and therefore, no significant associations with sex, age, gingival biotype or incision technique have been found, except between gingival recession and age (von Arx et al, 2017).…”