Influence of Incorporating Zirconium- and Barium-based Radiopaque Filler Into Experimental and Commercial Infiltrants

Abstract

SUMMARY Objectives: To evaluate how adding different concentrations of particles (barium or zirconium oxide 25%/45% by weight) to a commercial infiltrant (Icon) and an experimental infiltrant influences cohesive strength (CS), degree of conversion (DC), water sorption (WS), solubility (SL), radiopacity, and penetration depth. Methods and Materials: Microtensile CS (n=10) was evaluated using a universal testing machine. DC (n=5) was evaluated in a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer. Polymerized samples were dissected, weighed, and stored to obtain the final mass for WS and SL tests (n=10). Radiopacity analysis (n=5) was performed using a digital radiography system. Penetration depth analysis (n=5) was performed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Analyses were performed using the R program, with a significance level of 5%, except for the penetration depth analyses, which were evaluated only qualitatively. Results: The groups with 45% zirconium showed greater CS values, regardless of the infiltrant. Among the groups with no particle addition, those of the experimental infiltrant presented higher DC than those of Icon. The experimental infiltrant presented lower WS than Icon. All groups had SL below the ISO recommended levels. Radiopacity higher than 2.24 mmAl (enamel radiopacity) was observed only in the groups with 45% zirconium. All the groups achieved similar penetration depth, but the groups containing experimental infiltrant appear to have had longer tag extensions. Conclusions: Addition of 45% of zirconium presented good results for CS and WS, as well as SL below the ISO recommended standard, adequate radiopacity, and penetration depth similar to the other groups.

Radiopacity and physical properties evaluation of infiltrants with Barium and Ytterbium addition

“…In the current study, experimental resin infiltrants with promising of radiopacity properties were prepared with barium and/or ytterbium oxide with silane. The null hypothesis tested in this study that the addition of radiopaque particles into the infiltrant 1 would not confer radiopacity to the material was rejected, since all groups with particles that had radiopacity 2 would not compromise viscosity for the penetration depth of the resin infiltrant was rejected, since viscosity increases suggesting that penetration depth could be affected and 3 would not improve the properties of the modified infiltrants when compared to the control was accepted, since in most of the tests didn’t improve.…”

“…The concern arises when discussing the treatment of superficial interproximal lesions, given the fact that restorative therapy involves removing a considerable amount of sound tissue, thus bringing the tooth into a circle of treatment and retreatment. 1 , 2 Currently, aiming at a minimally invasive and nondestructive odontology, various remineralizing agents could be indicated, such as dental hygiene instruction and fluoride topical application. However, these procedures are limited to the surface of the lesion, not being able to reach the demineralized tissue.…”

“…Thus, the aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of barium and ytterbium particles on the physical-chemical properties of resin infiltrants. The null hypotheses investigated were that: The addition of radiopaque particles into the infiltrant 1 would not confer radiopacity to the material; 2 would not compromise viscosity for the penetration depth of the resin infiltrant; and 3 would not improve the properties (degree of conversion, water sorption and solubility, contact angle, flexural strength, and elastic modulus) of the modified infiltrants when compared to the control.…”

Resin Infiltration of Non-Cavitated Enamel Lesions in Paediatric Dentistry: A Narrative Review

“…Efforts in formulating a radiopaque RI were also made by Pedreira et al [ 143 ] and Nowak-Wachol et al [ 144 ]. The former authors investigated the radiopacity potential of an experimental RI, using either barium or zirconium oxide particles which served as a filler and incorporated into the RI monomer.…”

“…Further, this experimental resin demonstrated a comparable penetration depth but lower water sorption and solubility when compared to the commercial RI, suggesting its promising potential in dentistry. On the other hand, the mixture of 25% barium oxide particles (by weight) with RI monomer did not perform well for all the investigated outcomes [ 143 ].…”