Influence of incorporation of ZrO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; nanoparticles  on the repair strength of polymethyl methacrylate denture bases

Gad, Mohammed M.; Rahoma, Ahmed; Al‐Thobity, Ahmad M.; ArRejaie, Aws S.

doi:10.2147/ijn.s120054

Cited by 131 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…41,42 Adding zirconia NPs was suggested to improve the mechanical properties of PMMA. 44,45 Incorporating zirconia NPs in PMMA increased its impact strength, flexural strength, 44,46,47 compressive strength, fatigue strength, as well as its fracture toughness and hardness. 46,48,49 In addition, it may have an antifungal effect and may play a preventive role in patients susceptible to fungal infections.…”

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PMMA denture base material enhancement: a review of fiber, filler, and nanofiller addition

Gad

Fouda

Al‐Harbi

et al. 2017

IJN

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This paper reviews acrylic denture base resin enhancement during the past few decades. Specific attention is given to the effect of fiber, filler, and nanofiller addition on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) properties. The review is based on scientific reviews, papers, and abstracts, as well as studies concerning the effect of additives, fibers, fillers, and reinforcement materials on PMMA, published between 1974 and 2016. Many studies have reported improvement of PMMA denture base material with the addition of fillers, fibers, nanofiller, and hybrid reinforcement. However, most of the studies were limited to in vitro investigations without bioactivity and clinical implications. Considering the findings of the review, there is no ideal denture base material, but the properties of PMMA could be improved with some modifications, especially with silanized nanoparticle addition and a hybrid reinforcement system.

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confidence: 99%

PMMA denture base material enhancement: a review of fiber, filler, and nanofiller addition

Gad

Fouda

Al‐Harbi

et al. 2017

IJN

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323

319

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“…10,[17][18][19] Good adhesion and homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles within a resin matrix improved the flexural properties of a polymer/nanoparticles composite. 20 Thus, silane coupling agents used to treat the surface of nano-ZrO 2 could eliminate its aggregation and improve its compatibility with the polymer matrix. 20,21 In general, dentures are subjected to a combination of tensile, compressive, and shear forces as well as their susceptibility to sudden drop, which may result in denture base fracture.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…20 Thus, silane coupling agents used to treat the surface of nano-ZrO 2 could eliminate its aggregation and improve its compatibility with the polymer matrix. 20,21 In general, dentures are subjected to a combination of tensile, compressive, and shear forces as well as their susceptibility to sudden drop, which may result in denture base fracture. 22 Aiming to improve these properties, some inorganic fillers were used to reinforce the PMMA denture base.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…24 Recently, nano-ZrO 2 received great attention because of its excellent biocompatibility as well as its white color, which make it less likely to alter the aesthetics in comparison to other metal oxide nanoparticles. 20,23 The selection of nano-ZrO 2 as a filler in this study was based on the properties of this filler, which can improve the mechanical properties of acrylic resins. ZrO 2 possesses a variety of beneficial properties, such as excellent toughness and mechanical strength, abrasion and corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility.…”

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Effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles addition on the optical and tensile properties of polymethyl methacrylate denture base material

Gad¹,

Abualsaud²,

Rahoma

et al. 2018

IJN

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Background Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used for the fabrication of removable prostheses. Recently, zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO 2 ) have been added to improve some properties of PMMA, but their effect on the optical properties and tensile strength are neglected. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-ZrO 2 addition on the translucency and tensile strength of the PMMA denture base material. Materials and methods Eighty specimens (40 dumbbell-shaped and 40 discs) were prepared out of heat-polymerized acrylic resin and divided into four groups per test (n=10). The control group for each test included unreinforced acrylic, while the test groups were reinforced with 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt% nano-ZrO 2 . Acrylic resin was mixed according to manufacturer’s instructions, packed, and processed by conventional method. After polymerization, all specimens were finished, polished, and stored in distilled water at 37°C for 48±2 hours. Tensile strength (MPa) was evaluated using the universal testing machine while the specimens’ translucency was examined using a spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS using the paired sample t -test ( p ≤0.05). A scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the morphological changes and topography of the fractured surfaces. Results This study showed that the mean tensile strength of the PMMA in the test groups of 2.5%NZ, 5%NZ, and 7.5%NZ was significantly higher than the control group. The tensile strength increased significantly after nano-ZrO 2 addition, and the maximum increase seen was in the 7.5%NZ group. The translucency values of the experimental groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. Within the reinforced groups, the 2.5%NZ group had significantly higher translucency values when compared to the 5%NZ and 7.5%NZ groups. Conclusion The addition of nano-ZrO 2 increased the tensile strength of the denture base acrylic. The increase was directly proportional to the nano-ZrO 2 concentration. The translucency of the PMMA was reduced as the nano-ZrO 2 increased. Clinical significance Based on the results of the current study, the tensile strength was improved with different percentages of nano-ZrO 2 additions. However, translucency was adversely affected. Therefore, it is important to determine the appropriate amount of reinforcing nano-ZrO 2 that will create a balance between achieved properties – mechanical and optical.

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“…It has been reported that the addition of nano-ZrO 2 significantly improved the physical and mechanical properties of PMMA/ZrO 2 nanocomposite. [31][32][33] In addition to its biocompatibility, it has an acceptable esthetic, whereby its white color is less likely to alter the look. 34,35 Slight improvements in the surface properties (increase in hardness and decrease in apparent porosity) were seen by boosting the nano-ZrO 2 percentage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles on <em>Candida albicans</em> adhesion to repaired polymethyl methacrylate denture bases and interim removable prostheses: a new approach for denture stomatitis prevention

Gad¹,

Al‐Thobity²,

Shahin³

et al. 2017

IJN

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Background Despite drawbacks, cold-cured acrylic resin is still the most common material used in denture repair. Zirconia nanoparticles were among the reinforcements added to increase the strength of the resin. The effect on Candida due to the addition of zirconia nanoparticles to the resin has not been investigated. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of zirconia nanoparticles added to cold-cured acrylic resin on Candida albicans adhesion. Materials and methods A total of 120 acrylic resin specimens with dimensions measuring 22×10×2.5 mm 3 were prepared and divided into two equal groups. One group (repair) comprised heat-polymerized specimens that were sectioned at the center and prepared to create a 2 mm repair area that was repaired with cold-cured resin reinforced with 0% wt, 2.5% wt, 5% wt, and 7.5% wt zirconia nanoparticles. The second group contained intact cold-cured acrylic resin specimens reinforced with 0% wt, 2.5% wt, 5% wt, and 7.5% wt zirconia nanoparticles. Specimens were incubated at 37°C in artificial saliva containing C. albicans , and the effect of zirconia nanoparticles on C. albicans was assessed using two methods: 1) a slide count method and 2) a direct culture test. Variations in the number of living Candida were observed in relation to the different concentrations of zirconia nanoparticles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey’s tests were performed for data analysis. If the P -value was ≤0.05, then the difference was considered as statistically significant. Results It was found that C. albicans adhesion to repaired specimens was significantly decreased by the addition of zirconia nanoparticles ( P <0.00001) in comparison with the control group. Intact cold-cured groups and groups repaired with cold-cured resin reinforced with 7.5% wt zirconia nanoparticles showed the lowest Candida count. Tukey’s test showed a significant difference between the repaired group and the intact cold-cured group, while the later demonstrated a lower Candida count. Conclusion The addition of zirconia nanoparticles to cold-cured acrylic resin is an effective method for reducing Candida adhesion to repaired polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture bases and cold-cured removable prosthesis. Clinical significance Based on the results of the current study, zirconia nanoparticles have an antifungal effect, which could be incorporated in the repair material for repairing denture bases and in PMMA removable prostheses as a possible approach for denture stomatitis prevention.

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Influence of incorporation of ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles on the repair strength of polymethyl methacrylate denture bases

Cited by 131 publications

References 31 publications

PMMA denture base material enhancement: a review of fiber, filler, and nanofiller addition

PMMA denture base material enhancement: a review of fiber, filler, and nanofiller addition

Effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles addition on the optical and tensile properties of polymethyl methacrylate denture base material

Inhibitory effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles on <em>Candida albicans</em> adhesion to repaired polymethyl methacrylate denture bases and interim removable prostheses: a new approach for denture stomatitis prevention

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